Life Span and Development and Personality Free Essays

Life expectancy Development promotion Personality Christina Schwartz PSY/300 17 March 2013 Richard Alpert Abstract I have chosen a well known individual from the twentieth or potentially 21st century; Princess Diana. I directed research concerning the foundation of Diana to figure out what powers affected her life from the perspective of formative brain research. Diana Frances Spencer, otherwise called Princess Diana or Lady Di was conceived in 1961 in Norfolk; she was the more youthful girl of Edmund Roche and Frances Rosche. We will compose a custom exposition test on Life expectancy and Development and Personality or then again any comparative subject just for you Request Now In 1964 Diana’s guardians partitioned and her mom remarried Peter Kydd. Diana’s instruction originated from a private life experience school for young ladies in Norfolk. In 1977, subsequent to completing her instruction Diana went to see her dad to go along with him and her sister Sarah in going to an occasion realizing that well off privileged sovereignty were on the list if people to attend. This would be the principal experience with Charles the Prince of Whales, yet it wasn’t until a 1980 party after a polo coordinate that she would run into Prince Charles once more. Quick forward barely a year to February 1981 when Prince Charles proposed, and Diana acknowledged; the commitment was formally reported on February 24th at a question and answer session. During that question and answer session the two were inquired as to whether they were enamored, Diana reacted with ‘of course’ and Charles with ‘whatever love is’ which a lot later in time would be pondered back uncovering an increasingly exact picture of what the marriage really involved (Reynolds, 2011). Diana was naturally introduced to riches and eminence with her dad Earl Spencer who was an individual associate to King George VI and to Queen Elizabeth II, and the godson of Queen Mary. (Lewis, 2013) After Diana’s guardians separated in 1964 her dad picked up guardianship of the kids and her mom to some degree disengaged herself from their lives in the wake of fleeing with a wealthier man. Diana being naturally introduced to sovereignty, and being exposed to a specific way of life, a specific desire for future undertakings and connections from early stages set the pace in her future and what was to come. Despite the fact that Diana’s street to love, joy, and a family would come, it had its troublesome occasions, as a small kid the nonattendance of her mom was hard to deal with. Diana had sentiments of surrender and dismissal after her mom left, yet breathed easy in light of thinking about her most youthful kin; her sibling Charles (Princess-Diana. om, 2013). Playing the protective job for her more youthful sibling easily fell into place, and with this would come the enthusiasm for being near and thinking about more youthful kids, alongside having her very own group sometime in the not so distant future. Albeit inherited qualities alongside ecological elements affected Diana’s persona there is a degree of good and intellectual mental improvement that is in terlaced with her encounters. Moral advancement has an organic accentuation, which centers around trademark decency of people. Amidst the commitment declaration and arranging a wedding with Prince Charles Diana had her first of many negative encounters with the paparazzi. One of the principal well known pictures that created scene in the regal family was taken by blade paparazzi while Diana was taking care of a kindergarten class. He situated Diana and two youngsters deliberately with the sun radiating down behind them while Diana was wearing a ragged white skirt, which uncovered an outline of her legs; from the second the photograph was distributed Diana learned she was unable to be so trusting of others and fabricated a gatekeeper to the outside world. From the start it might have been a subliminal guard instrument, yet it formed into something significantly more genuine. B. F. Skinner who built up a character hypothesis expressed, â€Å"Personality is gained and kept up using constructive and pessimistic reinforcers† (Credo, 2001). Despite the fact that Diana was naturally introduced to eminence she didn't convey a prominent until the relationship with Prince Charles, the hugeness of her appearance all in all, significantly less in the media never entered her thoughts. This experience was a defining moment in her life that persuades she conveyed attributes that partner with Skinner’s conduct hypothesis. Diana needed to gain proficiency with the most difficult way possible that not every person in her prospective life would be her companion. The renowned photograph represents Diana’s trust in others being exploited as a negative support; she could never permit something like this to happen to her again. In spite of the fact that the mayhem of the photograph in the long run went looking back the photograph was only the forerunner of what was to come. After marriage and youngsters Diana got known for her foundation work and her cherishing, magnetic character. Social-intellectual speculations underscore cooperations between an individual and occasions as indicated by (Credo, 2001). One may state social-intellectual character speculations negate with Diana’s character; one additionally may state this hypothesis is the thing that transformed Diana into the notable philanthropic she was. All people bear adverse encounters however we additionally gain from them through support and through modification of results. Diana took her encounters great and awful and utilized it as inspiration to do commendable things for others. B. F. Skinner accepted that positive conduct, which gets encouraging feedback, makes the individual change presentations of procedure and the equivalent with negative activities and fortifications. Diana confronted some genuine difficulties in the course of her life being in the open eye and the spouse of a Prince just as the mother of two young men, William and Henry. With the media viewing the families each move it wouldn't have been long before the fact of the matter was spilled out. The fact of the matter, being that Diana was living in a world brimming with falsehoods and double-crossing. During that time there had been hypothesis of Charles’ treachery, with a deep rooted companion Camilla. It wasn’t until Diana un-eagerly appeared at the nation home in Highgrove and found the house a wreck, with love seat pads on the floor, shower towels dirtied thus fourth; it was clear what was occurring. Through this period Charles blamed Diana for self-mutilation, being discouraged, dietary problems, and even conceivable visitor line character issue, which was rarely affirmed. With the decay of the marriage undeniable it wasn’t some time before Diana had her own sweetheart outside of her marriage too. During such a damaging time in Diana’s marriage, family, and life by and large she despite everything figured out how to proceed and develop her cause work. In 1987 Diana visited the principal ward for AIDS victims in Britain (Reynolds, 2011). She communicated compassion and worry for the evil people just as those inside the Red Cross and different causes. The capacity to accomplish for other people while her marriage and family are being destroyed in the open eye shows attributes of a genuinely amazing person. The subjective social methodology states â€Å"personality mirrors a steady exchange between ecological requests and the way the individual procedure data about oneself and the world† (Kowalski Westen, 2011). It appears as if Diana settled on a cognizant choice to not let the media, or the position she held as the Princess of Whales to represent the deciding moment her enthusiasm for beneficent work and parenthood. Through the separation of the couple Diana had to confine from in excess of 100 foundations she connected with, however kept on working for the ones she could. She had the option to take her negative encounters in her marriage, process them intellectually, acknowledge them sincerely and push ahead with her son’s and another life. The quality she depicted before the world means conduct attributes of subjective social speculations, much more so after her awful demise. Previously, during, and after Diana’s demise people despite everything discover her work remarkable and empowering; it is a rarity indeed this world has been moved by somebody so sincere and mindful, even through an amazing hardships. References 1. (Reynolds, 2011) http://www. oxforddnb. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/see/article/68348? docPos=1 2. (Lewis, 2013) http://womenshistory. about. com/od/diana/p/princess_diana. htm 3. (Princess-Diana. com, 2013) http://www. princess-diana. com/diana/adolescence. htm 4. (Philosophy, 2001) http://www. credoreference. com. ezproxy. apollolibrary. com/passage/worldsocs/personality_theories 5. (Kowalski Westen, 2011) https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/eReader. aspx Instructions to refer to Life Span and Development and Personality, Essay models

DSP-OFDM Modulator Project

DSP-OFDM Modulator Project Part One Prologue to the DSP-OFDM Modulator Project 1.1 Introduction The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) computerized correspondence procedure has been drawing in an extraordinary worry of scientists everywhere throughout the world, because of its exceptional qualities. The architects and specialists of versatile remote correspondence frameworks and remote mixed media broadband are anticipating misuse the OFDM to be the air interface of these gadgets and frameworks. This abuse has just been finished with a few frameworks and guidelines, for example, Wireless Local Area Networks 802.11a and Digital Video Broadcast-Terrestrial (DVB-T). The DSP-OFDM Modulator venture contemplates the basic pieces of the OFDM modulator and demodulator and actualizes the OFDM modulator and demodulator on two separate DSP sheets. For the OFDM modulator, the undertaking contemplates the equipment DSP execution of the OFDM modulators various parts, for example, the QAM mapper and the IFFT. This applies on the OFDM demodulator as well. Also, for the OFDM demodulator, the venture examines the transporter recuperation issue to recoup the OFDM data signal from the bearer signal and the OFDM image timing recuperation issue to effectively pinpoint each OFDM images limits. The Projects includes a few parts of the advanced interchanges and the hypothetical and down to earth DSP and utilizations the MATLAB and the Code Composer Studio (CCS) to investigate and reenact the structures to be basically actualized. 1.2 The Aim and the Objectives The point of the DSP OFDM Modulator venture is to execute OFDM modulator and demodulator on two separate DSP sheets. The execution isn't attached to any current OFDM standard with the end goal that utilized in the DVB-T or different guidelines. The DSP equipment implantation includes numerous DSP and advanced correspondence activities to be actualized through composing the C codes that play out these tasks for example the QAM mapping and de-mapping, the IFFT and FFT, the advanced IIR channels and the synchronization. In this way, the usage will be first recreated by MATLAB and the Code Composer Studio (CCS) part by part previously and with the equipment execution on the DSP sheets. The CCS will be utilized to reproduce the modulator and demodulator as well as the subparts of the equipment execution, for example, the FFT and IFFT C codes. For instance, the C code that will be utilized to perform N-Point IFFT to an intricate cluster containing N complex components to create N yields. These N yields or discrete qualities will be contrasted and those N yields or discrete qualities acquired from performing N-Point IFFT to a similar N component complex exhibit in MATLAB so as to watch that this C code will work appropriately in the DSP ongoing execution of the OFDM modulator. 1.3 The Research Background and Motivations The great introduction of the hypothetical and pragmatic DSP during the showed piece of the course urged me to handle this task, as I had not done any down to earth DSP before I took a crack at the MSc Wireless Communication Systems course. The great comprehension of the discrete Fourier change (DFT) permits introducing the Conjugate Symmetric methodology. The utilization of the Conjugate Symmetric dispersion of the subcarrier vectors on the IFFT input focuses makes the IFFT produce a multicarrier signal with a genuine part (In-stage) (I) just in the time space, as the nonexistent part (Quadrature) (Q) is constantly set to zero. It is simpler to tweak and demodulate the OFDM data signal with a genuine part just, as the quadrature balance is not, at this point required. The Conjugate Symmetric proposition permits applying the FM adjustment to transmit and get the multicarrier OFDM data signal. 1.4 The Thesiss Organization The proposal comprises of five parts. Part two is considered as a writing review. Part two clarifies the OFDM range and the standards of the OFDM modulator and demodulator. It shows how the OFDM data signal conveys or speaks to the advanced information bits and how the IFFT N yields (discrete qualities) are really the examples of the OFDM multicarrier data signal for the current OFDM image being created. It will be indicated how the OFDM image has longer term than those of other advanced correspondence regulation methods without influencing the information rate to be stronger with dispersive channels and numerous different parts of the OFDM balance strategy. This undertaking isn't attached to any current OFDM standard. Be that as it may, it looks like these guidelines as far as the general square charts of the OFDM frameworks and the utilization of the pilot transporters, consequently the work of the OFDM in the DVB-T and the WLAN 802.11a are depicted quickly in part two. Part three shows and reproduces by utilizing MATLAB the methodologies and thoughts that will be utilized for the equipment DSP usage. It talks about the (Conjugate Symmetric) suggestion that has come out of this venture to encourage the balance and demodulation of the OFDM data signal and the utilization of the squared cosine technique to recoup the OFDM data signal from the tweaked transporter signal. The utilization of the cyclic prefix (CP) to recoup the OFDM image timing is likewise talked about in part three. Part four presents the equipment execution of the DSP OFDM modulator and demodulator on two separate DSP sheets and shows the various consequences of the equipment implantation on the oscilloscopes screen just as it shows the aftereffects of the CCS reproduction of the OFDM modulator and demodulator and looks at the OFDM range of the created OFDM data signal produced by the Conjugate Symmetric methodology with that produced from the conventional strategy. Part five is for the end focuses that have come out of this undertaking and the further work to be executed later on. The appended CD contains the constant DSP implantation CCS activities of the OFDM modulator (OFDM-TX venture) and OFDM demodulator (OFDM-RX venture) and the CCS reenactment of the OFDM modulator and demodulator (Simulation venture) just as the MATLAB codes and an electronic duplicate of the postulation. Section Two OFDM Basics 2.1 Introduction In the advanced interchanges, the transmitted sign over a remote channel is progressively liked, when the image length is fundamentally more noteworthy than the postpone spread (s) of this channel to keep away from the intersymbol impedance (ISI) because of the time scattering of transmitted images. However, sadly, the image length is contrarily corresponding to the bit rate which implies an incredible imperative when high information rate transmission is required over a remote channel with a generally high postpone spread due to the multipath condition of that channel [1]. The OFDM procedure creates the answer for this issue, as it separates the high rate bit stream into (N) exceptionally low rate bit streams that are transmitted all the while utilizing (N) symmetrical subcarriers for each OFDM image. Every one of these low rate bit streams balances an individual subcarrier. Subsequently, the image span is expanded the same number of as (N) times without lessening the real piece rate. 2.2 The Spectrum of the OFDM Subcarriers Figure (2-1) y(t) (the dabbed bend) is the mathematical summation of the 5 sinusoidal waves Figure (2-2) the range of y(t) in the recurrence area (five stems or tones) Figure (2-3) the rectangular capacity with (?t) term in the time space Figure (2-4) the spectrom of the rectangular capacity in the recurrence space Figure (2-5) the range of the OFDM image with five subcarriers Assume y(t) is a sign comprising of the mathematical summation of five sinusoidal waves (subcarriers) in the time area with five unique frequencies (f1, f2, f3, f4 and f5) separately figure (2-1). Assume these subcarriers have a similar recurrence dispersing (?f) between each contiguous subcarriers in the recurrence area. The range of y (t) in the recurrence space as far as the greatness has five stems at f1 to f5 separately. Each stem (single tone) speaks to one of these five sinusoidal waves or subcarriers figure (2-2). Presently, assume an OFDM image (with image span = (?t)) comprises of a similar five sinusoidal subcarriers referenced before. The range of this OFDM image in the recurrence area doesn't currently comprise of five stems; rather the range resembles that one in figure (2-5). The range in figure (2-5) comprises of five covered sinc works every one of which speaks to an individual subcarrier. As a matter of fact, our OFDM image isn't indistinguishable from y(t). All the more accurately, it is a (shortened y(t)) with truncation length equivalent to the OFDM image span (?t). At the point when a sign is shortened in the time space with equivalent addition over all the shortened focuses inside the period (?t), that implies numerically increasing this sign with a rectangular capacity in the time area with a period term equivalent to (?t) figure (2-3). The state of the range of rectangular capacity as far as the size is single sinc wave in the recurrence area cutting the flat pivot at directs equivalent toward the whole number products of the equal of the time term (1/?t) figure (2-4). Fundamentally, when any two signs are increased in the time space, the resultant sign of this augmentation has a range in the recurrence area equivalent to the convolution of the ranges of the two unique signs. In this way the range in figure (2-5) speaks to the resultant of the convolution activ ity between the five stems of y(t) figure (2-2) and the sinc of the rectangular capacity figure (2-4) in the recurrence space. Taking a gander at figure (2-5) once more, it is anything but difficult to see that the pinnacle of each subcarrier sinc happens at a point where all other four sincs have sizes equivalent to zero at which. This circumstance is the state of the symmetry between the subcarriers as it guarantees minimal impedance between the subcarriers in the recurrence area. The symmetry betwee

Tropical Rainforests Are Natures Medicine Cabinet

Tropical Rainforests Are Nature's Medicine Cabinet Tropical rainforests, which represent just seven percent of the world’s all out land mass, harbor as much as half of every single known assortment of plants. Specialists state that only a four-square-mile region of rainforest may contain upwards of 1,500 unique sorts of blooming plants and 750 types of trees, all which have advanced particular endurance components throughout the centuries that humankind is simply beginning to figure out how to suitable for its own motivations. Rainforests Are a Rich Source of Medicines Spread pockets of local people groups the world over have thought about the recuperating properties of rainforest plants for a considerable length of time and maybe more. Yet, just since World War II has the cutting edge world started to pay heed, and scores of medication organizations today work couple with progressives, local gatherings, and different governments to discover and list rainforest plants for their restorative worth, and integrate their profile dynamic mixes. Rainforest Plants Produce Life-Saving Medicines Somewhere in the range of 120 professionally prescribed medications sold overall today are gotten legitimately from rainforest plants. As per the U.S. National Cancer Institute, more than twos proliferate. Fixings acquired and blended from a now-terminated periwinkle plant discovered uniquely in Madagascar (until deforestation cleared it out) have expanded the odds of endurance for kids with leukemia from 20 percent to 80 percent. A portion of the mixes in rainforest plants are additionally used to treat intestinal sickness, coronary illness, bronchitis, hypertension, stiffness, diabetes, muscle pressure, joint inflammation, glaucoma, looseness of the bowels, and tuberculosis, among other medical issues. Numerous industrially accessible sedatives, catalysts, hormones, intestinal medicines, hack blends, anti-toxins, and cleaning agents are likewise gotten from rainforest plants and herbs. Hindrances In spite of these examples of overcoming adversity, short of what one percent of the plants in the world’s tropical rainforests have even been tried for their restorative properties. Tree huggers and human services advocates the same are quick to ensure the world’s remaining rainforests as storage facilities for the drugs of things to come. Filled by this criticalness, pharmaceutical organizations have entered concurrences with tropical nations promising assurance against restrictive bioprospection rights. Lamentably, these understandings didnt last, and excitement waned. In a few nations, organization, allows, and get to turned out to be restrictively costly. What's more, new advancements permitted to utilize amazing combinatorial science procedures to discover dynamic particles without toiling through the mud in some faraway wilderness. Accordingly, the exploratory quest for pharmaceuticals in rainforests dwindled for some time. In any case, the mechanical progressions which supported manufactured, lab-created medications are presently helping plant miners by and by, and a couple of brave pharmaceutical organizations are back in the wildernesses searching for the following huge drug.â The Challenge of Preserving Valuable Rainforests Be that as it may, sparing tropical rainforests is no simple errand, as neediness stricken local individuals attempt to squeeze out a living off the grounds and numerous legislatures all through the world’s central districts, out of financial franticness just as insatiability, permit ruinous dairy cattle farming, cultivating, and logging. As rainforest goes to cultivate, farm and obvious, about 137 rainforest-abiding species-plants and animals the same go terminated each and every day, as per noted Harvard scholar Edward O. Wilson. Protectionists stress that as rainforest species vanish, so will numerous potential remedies forever compromising sicknesses. How You Can Help Save Rainforests You can do your part to help spare rainforests around the globe by following and supporting crafted by such associations as Rainforest Alliance, Rainforest Action Network, Conservation International and The Nature Conservancy. EarthTalk is a customary element of E/The Environmental Magazine. Chosen EarthTalk segments are republished on About Environmental Issues by consent of the editors of E. Altered by Frederic Beaudry.

Accounting does not communicate reality, it constructs reality Essay

Bookkeeping doesn't convey reality, it develops reality - Essay Example Bookkeeping is a language of business through which the data is passed to the clients of the fiscal report. The clients at that point can based on those data can their own choice and strategy. Along these lines it tends to be characterized that bookkeeping isn't only a strategy for saving records however a technique for taking choice based on the data that is given by bookkeeping (Bion, 1968). A powerful vehicle of correspondence is required by the substance taking care of its workers, customers, providers. Bookkeeping is considered as an inherent a significant component of the substance. Bookkeeping helps the business element in readiness of spending plan, revealing and furthermore in recording of pay that is required by the chiefs just as others. There are various clients of bookkeeping which can be basically named the outside clients that incorporates financial specialists, burdening specialists, clients and loan bosses and the inward clients that incorporates the administration a nd the representatives (Drury, 2008). Bookkeeping chiefly conveys assortment of data to different gatherings that are keen on the data provided by bookkeeping with the assistance of various method of correspondence, for example, by distributing of yearly report, web, social report and applying different mediums, for example, by including pictures, outlines, accounts, diagrams. The bookkeeping correspondence is considered as a significant perspective as it gives an unmistakable picture to the different things. Bookkeeping correspondence is verbal just as non verbal. Bookkeeping correspondence is required for the executives bookkeeping. The craft of correspondence applied in the executives bookkeeping is chiefly supported by the need and request. There are principally two unique methods of imparting budgetary data is Business Intelligence and costing information (Keele Management School, 2012). Bookkeeping same as that of ad can be seen as fanciful and as a metalanguage where the signs are utilized to clarify the legendary importance. Bookkeeping

How to Get Started on Your Medical School Applications [Short Video]

Medical school applications cant be submitted until May or June, but getting an early start will  give you three advantages that you simply cant  afford to pass up. In this video, Linda Abraham, Founder CEO of Accepted and medical school admissions guru explains why  getting the ball rolling now will help you get accepted. For 25 years, Accepted has helped applicants gain acceptance to their dream healthcare programs. Our outstanding team of admissions consultants features former admissions directors, admissions committee members, pre-health advisors, postbac program directors, and doctors. Our staff has guided applicants to acceptance at allopathic (MD) and osteopathic (DO) medical schools, residencies and fellowships, dental school, veterinarian school, and physician assistant programs at top schools such as Harvard, Stanford, Penn, UCSF, Johns Hopkins, Columbia, and many more.  Want an admissions expert  to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Navigate the Medical School Admissions Maze †¢Ã‚  How to Show that YOU Want to be a Doctor †¢Ã‚  What do the Medical School Admissions Teams Say About Admissions?

Learn How to Answer Columbia Business Schools First Essay Question

Are you looking for expert tips on how to approach Columbia Business School’s first essay? Learn what the 5 components to a successful CBS essay are and what you need to do to ensure that your application essay checks off each one. View this short video for more information. Full video transcript Are you struggling with Columbias first essay? My name is Michelle Stockman and Ive been a consultant with Accepted for over 11 years. Consider this as an effective approach to the first essay. Heres what they ask: â€Å"We can get a sense of your professional experience and accomplishments from your resume. Tell us about your short-term goals and what would be your long-term dream job?† The 5 Parts of the CBS Essay This essay, I found, can be split into five parts. Start with an introduction This is where you want to grab the admissions committees attention. You can do that by asking a big question like: â€Å"What if this milestone could be reached in my industry?† Establish yourself as an expert who can execute You can do that by relating a brief example that shows when stakeholders gave you their time, their money, or other people, to make your idea become reality. Discuss your short-term goal Be specific by naming a specific position at, perhaps, a couple specific companies in a specific industry that youd like to go into after you complete your MBA. Discuss your long-term goal This is where you want to show the admissions committee how your ambitions can soar. But it really should have a bridge to your past. End with a conclusion Perhaps right now youre working on networking with people who already trying to figure out the solution to that big problem that you mentioned in your first paragraph. Then the fifth paragraph, or fifth section, should be your conclusion and should tie in Columbia. Be Columbia-Centric You can mention a couple specific aspects of Columbia that would help you reach this goal. And then this is a great launch which asks you how you plan to take advantage of Columbias location in New York City, the very center of business. Work with an Accepted Advisor to Get Accepted to CBS So if you like this approach and you would like to work with me or some of my colleagues at Accepted, check out our MBA Admissions Consulting Editing Services. Let us guide you to confidently apply to an MBA program. Looking for more advice on how to get into CBS? Mark your calendars for Wednesday, November 7 at 10AM PT / 1PM ET or 5PM PT / 8PM ET and attend our live webinar, Get Accepted to Columbia Business School. Register now to reserve your spot! hbspt.cta.load(58291, '77fa7e01-484b-4f45-ac3c-9f7b83d0e528'); Michelle Stockman is a professional journalist, former Columbia Business School admissions insider, and experienced MBA admissions consultant.  Want Michelle to help you get Accepted? Click here to get in touch! Related Resources: †¢ Ask Me Anything, a webinar discussion with CBSs Director of Admissions Emily French Thomas †¢Ã‚  Columbia Business School Application Essay Tips Deadlines †¢ The Applicants That Stand Out at Columbia Business School

To What Extent Are Our Global Consumption Patterns Harming...

The industrial revolution, around 300 years ago, has triggered the ongoing advancement of our planet and our lives concerning our consumption. We have gone a long way throughout history which has led us to a large improvement to our planet. However, this change isn’t perfect. Although it may damage the environment and our planet, our global consumption patterns are benefiting people by giving us tools that increase what we can do, and our consumption is even more beneficial because of the creation of globalization which has developed our world economy. Our increased consumption of goods is severely damaging our planet’s environment in ways that may tamper its usefulness and comfort for the future. When goods and products are created, several of Earth’s limited resources are spent. Trees are cut to create paper, mountains are blown up and metals are mined from the Earth to create products such as computers that need these metals, clean water is used up to create d rinks such as water bottles, and as a result, resources are constantly taken out of the Earth. These resources are limited because we are consuming them much faster than they can be restored. (Story of Stuff Video). Additionally, the process of creating goods requires energy which most businesses and countries use fossil fuels to generate. There are many methods of extracting oil form the Earth, and all of these methods release a large amount of greenhouse gases into our atmosphere. The use of fossil fuels toShow MoreRelatedManagement Course: Mba−10 General Management215330 Words   |  862 Pagesearnings? As we continue to experience the twenty-first century’s economic, social, and political churning, how will these driving factors be influenced by the brutally competitive global economy in which organizations do not have any particular geographic identity or travel under any particular national passport? What will be the effect of the rapid gyrations in markets that emphasize the difficulties that accounting practices face in determining true performance costs and that forecasting programsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessolution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Kim S. Cameron UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN Prentice

Memorize the First 20 Elements on the Periodic Table

If you take a chemistry class there is an excellent chance you will be required to memorize the names and order of the first few elements of the periodic table. Even if you dont have to memorize the elements for a grade, it is helpful to be able to recall that information rather than look it up every time you need it. Memorize Using Mnemonic Devices Here is a mnemonic you can use to help make the memorization process easier. The symbols for the elements are associated with words that form a phrase. If you can remember the phrase and know the symbols for the elements then you can memorize the order of the elements. Hi! - HHe - HeLies - LiBecause - BeBoys - BCan - CNot - NOperate - OFireplaces - F New - NeNation - NaMight - MgAlso - AlSign - SiPeace - PSecurity - SClause - Cl A - ArKing - KCan - Ca List of the First 20 Elements You can devise your own way of memorizing the first 20 elements. It may help to associate each element with a name or a word that makes sense to you. Here are the names and symbols of the first elements. The numbers are their atomic numbers, which is how many protons are in an atom of that element. Hydrogen - HHelium - HeLithium - LiBeryllium - BeBoron - BCarbon - CNitrogen - NOxygen - OFluorine - FNeon - NeSodium - NaMagnesium - MgAluminum (or Aluminium) - AlSilicon - SiPhosphorus - PSulfur - SChlorine - ClArgon - ArPotassium - KCalcium - Ca

Literature Review On Business Intelligence - 2107 Words

Literature Review On Business Intelligence Architecture 1. Introduction: Business Intelligence is a concept or technique which refines the raw data into meaningful information in order to get strategic or business decisions to the organizations. It deals with many concepts like data mining, online analytical processes(OLAP), Data warehousing. The purpose is to upgrade the attribute of inputs, its timely nature to the business decision process. It is used to recognize the capacity available in the business, future conducts in the market place, the approaches and the balance environment in which the organizations collide. Business intelligence relates assembling of data, warehouse, and data management with analytical techniques to get complicate and sufficient knowledge to the business planners and firm makers. [Communications of the association for information systems Article 15(volume13,2004)177-195] Business intelligence deals with mechanisms, Extraction Transformation and Load (ETL) which is designed for modifying and combining the firm precise data, Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) and other relating tools are used to survey relevant data features, Business Performance Management (BPM) which helps to investigate and discover a wide range of performance metrics. Business Intelligence can be enclosed in many company structures like Supply Chain Management (SCM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), to gain competitive edge. [Business Intelligence and Analytics:Show MoreRelatedLiterature Review1352 Words   |  5 Pagesinaccurate harvest of the data. Literature Review - The Literature Review will focus on database management, data mining, and correlation of appropriate data sets within a networked environment. Bardoliwalla, N. (December 1, 2009). 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Sociological Perspectives On Health And Social Care

Name: Amina Isa Ali ID: 845368 Unit 7: Sociological Perspectives in Health and Social Care. Tutor: Sharon Davis Date: 08/10/14 Time: 17:43 P1) In p1 I will be explaining the principle sociological perspectives in health and social care. Marxism: Marxism: In the 19th century, Marxism was inspired by two men Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. These two men were German theorists who were living in Britain. The governmental professionals are of Marxists viewpoints and beliefs. Marxism has played a massive role in the influencing of many structural beliefs and many social movements. Marx’s view on social change is due to the struggle between different classes within society who are constantly competing with each other to improve their way of life and the condition that they are in. Marxists analysis leads to the conclusion that capitalism; the currently dominant form of economic management, leads to the oppression of the proletariat; who not only make up the majority of the world s population, but who also spend their lives working for the benefit of the bourgeoisie or the wealthy ruling class in society. Since the death of Karl Marx in 1883 his viewpoints have not been viewed not to be relevant. Many times since his death his viewpoints have come up as every new generation challenges the unequal, unjust and the people who support every capitalism system and each new generation looks for ideas and a method to change the world we live in. People who are classed asShow MoreRelatedHealth and Social Care - Unit 7 (P1P2) Principle Sociological Perspectives2289 Words   |  10 PagesPrincipal Sociological Perspectives P1 P2 The principal sociological perspectives are Functionalism, Marxism, Feminism, Interactionism, collectivism, postmodernism, ‘New Right’. 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A Journey Though The Golden Gates Of Promise Essay Example For Students

A Journey Though The Golden Gates Of Promise Essay A Journey Though the Golden Gates of PromiseGreat controversy exists over the true promises of the Golden Gates in the United States. Discrimination occurs with different ethnic groups, but for those immigrants permitted into the country, the opportunities are excellent. The laws and practices established to control immigration into the United States limit the amount of poverty that can be present in the country. Without these important practices and laws created by the United States Congress, cheap labor would overpower American citizen labor and lead the country to an economic and social catastrophe. Although the United States is often criticized for its establishment of immigration laws and practices during 1865 and 1930, these actions are very fair. It seems that the people of China have received a lot amount of discrimination as they try to venture into the promise lands of the United States. Early discrimination of the Chinese is revealed when considering early laws and practices of the United States towards immigration. Not only did Congress pass laws and restrictions against Chinese but the attitudes of citizens towards the Chinese often led to uproars and bitterness towards the immigrants arriving from China. In the 1850s, the California legislature passed a series of anti-Chinese restrictions. These restrictions forbade Chinese Americans to enroll their children in public schools, to marry whites, or to testify against whites in the court of law. Some particular court cases display the effects of this law. A very upsetting California court case decision in the 1850s for the Chinese people is called People vs. Hall. In August of 1853, George W. Hall, his brother, and their friend assaulted a Chinese miner in Nevada County. When Ling Sing, the Chinese mans cousin, came to help him, Hall shot and killed Ling Sing. During the original trial, Hall was found guilty of murder charges and sentenced to death. Hall appealed the decision to the California Supreme Court and he was acquitted because no white witnesses to the murder were available. This reasoning is supported by the California State Civil Practice Act (under Section 394) that says no black, mulatto, or Indian can give testimony agains t white defendants in criminal cases. The controversy over this case occurs not just because of the obvious discrimination but because Chinese are not specifically referred to in the act and it is assumed that Indians and Asians belong to the same ethnic group. Basically anyone who was not considered white was looked down upon by the American white population. The word white has a distinct signification, which ex vi termini, excludes black, yellow, and all other colors, (Beesley 123). Chief Justice Hugh C. Murray, felt that the line had to be drawn, further states, the same rule that would admit them to testify, would admit them to all the equal rights of citizenship, and we might soon see them at the polls, in the jury box, upon the bench, and in our legislative halls, (Beesley 123). The ruling of the Hall court case led to many violent uproars among white American citizens and Chinese immigrants. Another action taken to try and get rid of the Chinese immigrants was the California Miners Tax of 1855. Its sole purpose was to drive Chinese immigrants out of the mining business by taxing foreign miners every month. Many Chinese spoke out about these practices. When your honorable government threw open the territory of California, the people of other lands were welcomed here to search for gold and to engage in trade. The ship-masters of your respected nation came over to our country, lauded the equality of your laws, extolled the beauty of your manners and customs, and made it known that your officers and people were extremely cordial toward the Chinese. we trusted in your sincerity.But alas! what times are these!when former kind rela-tions are forgotten, when we Chinese are viewed like thieves and enemies (Pun 589). These awful laws and practices towards Chinese immigration led to many violent events. In 1871, a mob of whites invaded a Chinese neighborhood in Los Angles and killed 21 residents. A similar event occurred in 1876 that became know as the Truckee Raid. During this incident, whites torched a Chinese home and shot its residents when they fled into the streets. More episodes followed that were often instigated by the Order of Caucasians, thugs who openly advocated violence. Groups such as the Order of Caucasians became common during this time period and provoked Chinese discrimination. The early discrimination of Chinese immigrants is the foundation for the later discrimination that developed and soon pertained not just to Chinese immigrants but to all immigrants in general. In 1879, Congress passed a Chinese Exclusion Bill, giving in to pressure from anti-Chinese organizations and making a deal with Western lawmakers who promised political favors. Later, in 1882, Congress passed, and President Arthur signed the Chinese Exclusion Act. This act barred all Chinese immigrants from the United States for ten years, except students, merchants, and children of Chinese-American citizens. Although this act was enacted, the Chinese already present in the United States, were ready and willing submit to the designs of white Americans: Their curiously timid and unaggressive character was shown in every line of industry.Not the least of their good qualities appeared to be this tendency to mind their own business and slip away before the more aggressive Anglo-Saxon.Several early observers and pioneers praised their spirit of subordination to the law in comparison with other and more lawless immigrants. (Coolidge 24). In 1892, the exclusions were extended and they remai ned in place until 1943. This particular exclusion act represented the first time Congress had restricted immigration and it marked the only occasion in United States history that an ethnic group was specifically singled out for exclusion. A head tax was also placed on each Chinese immigrant already present in the United States with the Chinese Exclusion Act leading to harsh attitudes from Chinese people towards the American government. The Chinese Exclusion Act is the foundation for the many ethnic discriminatory acts to follow dealing with immigration. In 1907, Theodore Roosevelt issued an executive order that forbade Japanese to enter the United States from Mexico and Canada and then convinced Japan to discourage its citizens from immigrating into the United States. The Gentlemens Agreement of 1907-8 ended the immigration of Japanese laborers to the United States by having the Japanese government refuse to issue passports to such persons. This agreement also said that the United States should stop discrimination against the Japanese. The Gentlemans Agreement did allow wives to join their husbands if they were already in America. Since the overwhelming number of Japanese in the United States in 1907 were males, the agreement led to a surge in legal immigration of females, who were often married by proxy in Japan to husbands who chose wives on the basis of pictures sent from the mother country to America. The Gentlemens Agreement displays the discrimination towards Japanese immigrants the beginning of general immigration. The California Alien Land Acts of 1913 and 1920 affects only Asians also. The people most affected by this act are Japanese farmers because it bars them from owning land. People affected by the California Alien Land Act are those ineligible to citizenship (Asian immigrants) who were not allowed to own or lease real property (land) unless a United States treaty provided otherwise. The consequence was that Japanese immigrants were not allowed to own farms in California. Most of the states west of the Mississippi River enacted similar laws soon after. According to these laws, if an alien not eligible to citizenship tried to lease or own agricultural land, the deal was considered null and the land became the property of the State. The Alien Land Laws were justified as a means of protecting white farmers while at the same time discriminating against the Japanese immigrants because it left more land available for white farmers. In 1917, Congress established the Asiatic Barred Zone, shutting off the flow of emigrants from a region that encompassed not only China, but also Japan, Korea, India, Indochina, East Indies, Polynesia, parts of Russia, Arabia, and Afghanistan also. This act was enacted to try and ease the tension arising between American citizens and the arrival of many Asian immigrants. When this act was being created, the Asiatic Exclusion League demanded the exclusion of Koreans because they are the third sizable group from the Far East. Together, the restrictions on Chinese, Japanese, and Koreans excluded virtually all Asians who wanted to come to the United States. The Barred Zone Act made it almost impossible for the immigration of Indians to occur, although students, scholars, ministers of religion and merchants could come in and stay sometimes. As Sucheng Chan stated, Stereotypes of Asian immigrants as plodding, degraded, and servile peopleindeed, virtual slavesnotwithstanding, members of eve ry Asian immigrant group did stand up for their rights and fought oppression in a myriad of ways (81). The discrimination of different ethnic groups grows as new acts and practices are enacted causing more uproar between immigrants and non-immigrants. Interpretation Of Ibsens a Dolls House Analysis EssayThe mixing of ethnic groups was considered a melting pot. America is Gods Crucible, the great Melting Pot where all the races of Europe are melting and reforming! Here you stand, good folk, think I, when I see them at Ellis Island, here you stand in your fifty groups with your fifty languages and histories, and your fifty blood hatreds and rivalries, but you wont be long like that brothers, for these are the fires of God youve come to- these are the fires of God God is making the American the real American has not yet arrived. He is only in the crucible, I tell you- he will be the fusion of all the races, the coming superman (Zangwill 37). Although many people accept the theory of a melting pot, some Americans still disagree with this system. It is no solution for those who wish to participate in American life, and yet desire to retain their ethnic identity (Jacobson 645). Many people didnt grasp the concept that if conditions in a mother country are bad enough to want to immigrate into another country that a person is going to have to give in a little. In this case, giving up some of their culture to conform more to the American culture was just one sacrifice that was expected. The United States wants to help out different ethnic groups, but it is extremely difficult to help out each group on an individual basis and it is not logical to grant all immigrants the same rights because they come from different intellectual and cultural backgrounds with different interests and expectations. Congress developed many different ways to screen who can enter the United States. These processes are very important in controlling the type of population that lives in the United States. In 1891, Congress created the Immigration and Naturalization Service, otherwise known as the INS. This service was developed to administer federal laws relating to the admission, exclusion, and deportation of aliens and the naturalization of aliens lawfully residing in the United States. The INS was required to enforce the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, the Contract Labor Law of 1885, and the Immigration Act of 1891. In 1875, a law that prohibited entry of prostitutes and convicts established direct federal regulation of immigration. The government of the United States saw these types of people as a danger to the country. In 1892, the INS opened up an immigration screening station at Ellis Island in New York Harbor and claimed this to be the INS headquarters. Seeing Ellis Island was amazing for most immigrants: I remember seeing the Statue of Liberty for the first time and it was the greatest thrill. It was a very clear, crisp day in February. And it was such a thrill that its hard to describe (Coan 207). More than 12,000,000 immigrants underwent immigration processing or detention at Ellis Island from January 1, 1892 until November 12, 1954. Congress is trying very hard to screen immigrants entering the United States so that only immigrants that can contribute positively will be allowed entrance by establishing an orderly method of deciding which immigrants could stay and which immigrants would not be allowed to remain in the United States. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 is an example of screening immigrants because it barred convicts, the insane, and the cognitively disabled from entering the United States. In 1893, the United States government made it a requirement that steamship companies had to record in manifests the vital statistics of all passengers aboard that particular ship. Many people were involved with this technique of screening immigrants. An immigrant inspector was given the task of verifying the information on the manifest sheets and was given the power to change or simplify immigrant names. Many times the names of immigrants were either shortened or replaced with more Americanized names. This made it not only easier on the inspectors to identify different immigrants but it also made it easier for the immigrants to fit in with the people living in America. Immigrants trying to enter the United States have to show their money to inspectors to prove that they are not paupers. As controversial as this issue seems to be, it is very logical for the government to want immigrants to have some money. As the immigrants venture out into the new lands, the United States hopes that they will be able to spend some money in America and help the nation to prosper. In 1906, knowledge of the English language was made a basic requirement for immigrants. Congress felt that if an immigrant was going to come to America, that it would be necessary for that person to know English so that survival in the New World would not be so difficult. Legislation excluded all mentally disabled persons, paupers, and those who might become public charges. It excluded those suffering from a contagious disease, as we ll as those convicted of a felony, an egregious crime, or a misdemeanor involving a moral turpitude. Anarchists were added to the list of unacceptable aliens in 1903. In 1907, Congress passed a law excluding immigrants with physical disabilities or mental defects that might affect their ability to earn a living. The United States government was very concerned for these immigrants welfare and did not want to see them enter the country and end up in poverty. The same law also barred those immigrants that had tuberculosis and children unaccompanied by their parents. After 1907, immigrants had to demonstrate their physical health during a thorough medical examination. In 1924, the Immigration Bureau made immigrants register with the government and gave them documents that described their legal status. The Immigration Bureau has been a part of the Department of Labor since 1913. This very important Immigration Bureau set up the Border Patrol which is made up of 400 recruits who are train ed in law, investigation techniques, fingerprinting, jujitsu, the use of firearms, and tracking and trailing. These are all very important laws and practices established by the United States Congress as a way to deal with the tremendous number of people who crave immigration into America. Each act is enacted for different reasons but in general, if Congress sits back and does nothing about this rush of immigrants to America, our nation will crumble and, not only will immigrants suffer, but also the citizens that have already gained their rights to be here will be devastated. It is not fair to do that to the American citizens. Although many immigrants find it to be discriminating towards their specific ethnic group, when analyzing the concept of screening, it is very plain to see why Congress has developed more laws. The United States government is not ignorant; they only want what is best for the nation. If keeping the American citizens secure with an economy of prosperity and a soc iety of happiness is not considered fair, then justification for these acts and practices cannot be described. A nation filled with thugs, prostitutes, and unskilled people benefits the country in no way and therefore the intelligent United States of America government use their power to create systems to help avoid this terrible future from occurring. Laws and practices established by the United States towards immigration during 1865 and 1930 are very fair despite the controversy and criticism that exists over this issue. Discrimination occurs with different ethnic groups but for those immigrants permitted into the country, the opportunity to excel in life is excellent. The laws and practices established to control immigration into the United States limited the amount of poverty that can be present in the country. Also, the nations government is looking out for the best interest of American citizens by not allowing unintelligent, unskilled, thugs into the country. Without these important practices and laws created by the United States Congress cheap labor would overpower American citizen labor and lead the country to an economic and social breakdown. No question exists that the laws and practices established by the United States towards immigration do indeed discriminate certain ethnic groups but, in order for the country to maint ain a stable and organized society, the actions of Congress are necessary. These practices and laws offer immigrants an opportunity to better their lives simply by walking through the Golden Gates. The Statue of Liberty extravagantly symbolizes hope for immigrants, Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, the wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me, I lift my lamp beside the golden door! (Lazarus 42)

Influence of Entertainment Media free essay sample

Entertainment media has had a profound effect on the way American culture has evolved. It has at times brought people together and equally torn them apart. Music, television, and film provide an incomparable outlet for expression. They allow individuals (and groups) to inform, to share what is important to them, to be creative and innovative. With all of the different types of entertainment media in America, society is exposed to so much more than would have been possible without these mediums. Music in America has changed and grown over the years to accommodate a changing culture. Not only does music provide an emotional outlet for the musician but also for their audience. It gives the listener a creative outlet in the form of dance as well as bringing like-minded people together. With the emergence of film, however, Americans had an exciting new form of visual entertainment. â€Å"Because they showed silent films that transcended language barriers, nickelodeons flourished during the great European immigration at the turn of the twentieth century† (Campbell, Martin amp; Fabos, 2012, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Entertainment Media or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 192). Film provided (and continues to provide) an â€Å"anything is possible† attitude. Walt Disney once said, â€Å"If you can dream it, you can do it† and that idea pushes people to think about what else might be out there. It has made society want to learn more, do more, and be more. Television changed everything, in that Americans did not have to leave their homes to have access to visual media. Whereas film showed fantasy and fictional events, television provided a window into real life with local, national, and eventually global news. Families gathered around their televisions at night, just as they used to do with radio. It was the TV that exposed us to Civil Rights violations in the South, to the shared pain and healing rituals after the Kennedy and King assassinations in the 1960s, and to the political turmoil of Watergate in the 1970s† (Campbell, Martin amp; Fabos, 2012, p. 145). Although some may not have had access to or opinions about these events otherwise, seeing them on television brought a certain reality and awareness to the public. Americans have gone from a society of â€Å"yes men† to a society that questions everything and wonders how it will benefit them. With today’s technology, Americans can listen to music and view film and television programs on smartphones and iPads, commonly referred to as a â€Å"third screen† (Campbell, Martin amp; Fabos, 2012, p. 169) which only helps to reinforce the instant gratification that people in this country have come to expect. The social influences of entertainment media can be both positive and negative. On the one hand, entertainment media serves to educate, enrich, and, of course, entertain. Without music, film, and television the world would be a much narrower place. However, that exposure can be viewed as a negative as well. Parents and other close family used to be a child’s main form of guidance, so it was easy to control what influences the child was exposed to. With the evolution of entertainment media, children are exposed to so much more, and some contend that has had a negative impact on society as a whole; promoting and encouraging less than ideal behavior. It is hard to say whether explicit lyrics and violent images have made Americans the way they are because people emulate what they see on television and film, or if in fact, art imitates life. It is safe to say that perhaps a little bit of both are true. Society takes its cues from the media and the entertainment industry gets ideas from real life experiences. Either way, there is no turning back the clock, but Americans need to be aware of what is available and the possible impact these new technologies bring to society. References Campbell, R. , Martin, C. R. , amp; Fabos, B. (2012). Media and Culture (8th ed. ). Retrieved From the University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Travel agencies free essay sample

Travel agency issues On one hand travel agencies can take a great advantage from the internet but on the other hand it is one of their biggest enemies. Because there are so many negative articles about a few travel agencies and people are losing their trust in them. So they are strat planning their own trip not using any agencies. So it is a really hard Job to build up a good image about their company especially when they are new in business. The agency has to earn people trust, run a friendly image about themselves and one of the most important thing they have to search for reliable employees. And an other point to mention about the disadvantages of the internet is that customers can book directly from it. The reason is that ninety-nine per cent of the time making a reservation via the internet is cheaper. So hotel wouldnt pay a travel agent upwards of 25 per cent commission, when they can Just sell their services and have more money from it. We will write a custom essay sample on Travel agencies or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tour operator issues Nowdays we are living in a virtual generation. Especially the younger people, they communicate via the internet, having their smartphones and all the new technological stuff. They do not care much about reading, visiting museums and to get know other countries or cities historical past. That is a huge problem for tour operators because they can not organise a trip if people Just want to relax and do some spa all day. Tour operators are managed to introduce Australia to you, visit museums, special events, historical memories and so on. So they have get their attention again to make successful trips.

Moral Topics For Essay Prompt

Moral Topics For Essay PromptMoral topics for essay prompt are something that is found in many different high school essay topics. Many students may find this to be a little odd, as it usually doesn't come up in an interview. However, if you write with great care, the moral topics for essay prompt will become a lot easier to deal with.It will be easy to write on moral issues, if you will just have a bit of patience and find out what is the best way to address the topic that interests you. The moral topics for essay prompt is a good way to get ideas for your essay out of the way. You may want to consider an open-ended approach, so that your essay doesn't seem too flat.You may also find that you can use moral topics for essay prompt to write about certain cultures. It is very important to understand what the culture of the society you are dealing with is about. You can find great tips on this from sites such as Aisle 709.One thing that you will want to be aware of when it comes to mora l topics for essay prompt is to make sure that you aren't falling into the trap of not being critical. While it is necessary to highlight the good things about people and how we need to do better, we also need to take the negatives into consideration. In some cases, what is right may not be the best option for the society in question.Moral issues for essay prompt can be handled in a variety of ways. However, it is important to make sure that you understand the moral issues that you are addressing. This is the only way to come up with a clear stance for your essay.Essay topics for moral issues can be hard to write on, because it is just so easy to slip into describing a character. The character will then be known as the 'hero', while the moral issues will be called the 'villain'. Since morals are generally so subjective, you want to make sure that you don't fall into that trap.You can find many resources online to help you with moral issues for essay prompt. However, you might want t o be cautious about picking up advice from sites that are related to religion or politics. You don't want to go against what you believe in, especially if it is something that you learned at home.It will be easy to write on moral issues for essay prompt if you know what the character is going through. Just try to find a good way to tackle the moral issues in your essay. It is very difficult to do the essay justice if you can't even put your finger on what the moral issues are.

English Pronunciation Exercises - U Sounding Vowels

English Pronunciation Exercises - U Sounding Vowels The following series of pronunciation exercises combines words beginning with the same consonant sound followed by similar vowel sounds. Voiced and voiceless consonants are paired (b - voiced / p - voiceless, d - voiced / t - voiceless, etc.) to help students compare and contrast similar consonant formation.   Repeat each line slowly, listen for the minor differences between the vowel and consonant sounds.Repeat each line three times. Each time repeat more quickly trying to keep the sounds distinct.Find a partner and listen to each other repeat the lines.Try to invent sentences using each sound at least once. For example, The butcher put on his boots but he forgot his hat.   Dont worry too much about the sentence making much sense! long uh as in put short uh as in up oo as in shoe butcher but boot put pup poof! duh duck do Tokay tough tooth good gulp Google cook cup cool soot supper suit Zeus Wazup? zoom shook shut shoot jut jump June churn Chuck choose hook hub who Sentences to Practice with Minimal U Sounds B - The butcher wanted to cook, but he forgot to wear the right boots. P - My teacher put the pup into the magic circle and it went poof! D - Duh! I shouldnt have let the duck do the dishes this evening. T - If you think the Tokay was OK, youll find the Chardonnay tough on the tooth. G - Just gulp your beer, and youll be good enough to Google the answers on the quiz. C - The wonderful cook cooled the cup of tomato soup before he served it.   S - The man walked in and shook the soot off of his suit before he sat to supper.   Z - Zeus said wazup to Thor as he zoomed through the Greek heavens.   SH - The boy wanted to shoot the kid who had shook him and told him to shut up. J - He jut his chin out and jumped into the air on a beautiful day in June. CH - Chuck told the students that they should choose carefully, and not churn through the mess. H - Janes mom, who was the hub of gossip in town, hooked everyone into something.    Vowel Sounds eh - as in let, ih - as in hit, ee - as in see, and ae- as in catlong ah - as in car, short ah - as in gotlong uh - as in put, short uh - as in up, oo - as in through Diphthong Sounds ay - as in day, ai - as in skyou - as in home, ow - as in mouse, oi - as in boyieh(r) - as in near, ehi(r) - as in hair

Criminal Justice Career Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal Justice Career - Essay Example Also to be included in the paper are the following: (1) a listing of at least 3 professional associations that could support in this profession. For each association listed, provide the mission of the organization, a profile of the association’s members, membership dues, and association publications; (2) based on the state of VIRGINIA, defining one’s jurisdiction, find any related legal codes associated with the chosen profession. Provide a link to that site with a paragraph description of the types of laws contained there. Finally, (3) list any other information sources that are critical in one’s profession. For each source listed, provide a link to that source, a description of the information found there, and how that information would be used in the chosen profession. Criminal Justice Career Career Profession Chosen From among the 50 careers listed within criminal justice and law enforcement careers (Criminal Justice Profiles, 2011), an interesting and challenging option I have chosen is to become an agent for Homeland Security, the department whose primarily aim is to â€Å"to secure the nation from the many threats we face† (Dept. of Homeland Security, 2011, par. 1). As explicitly indicated in their official website, â€Å"as a Homeland Security employee, you will help secure our borders, airports, seaports and waterways; research and develop the latest security technologies; respond to natural disasters or terrorists assaults; and analyze intelligence reports† (DHS: Career Opportunities, 2011,par. 1). ... 8). This career path is equally challenging and rewarding as deemed of eminent relevance to the public and to the environment. Article from Database In an article entitled FEMA Committed to Finding Temporary Housing for Storm Survivors dated June 1, 2011, the employees under Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) are enjoined to help survivors of the recent storms that affected a considerable number of communities and families in Missouri, to find temporary shelter (FEMA, 2011, 1). The career chosen manifests active response and commitment to uplift the conditions of people who have been beset by various hazards, including natural disasters. The article emphasized â€Å"FEMA’s mission is to support our citizens and first responders to ensure that as a nation we work together to build, sustain, and improve our capability to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from, and mitigate all hazards† (FEMA, 2011, 1). List of Three Professional Associations Americ an Correctional Association (ACA) is â€Å"a multi-disciplinary organization of professionals representing all facets of corrections and criminal justice† (General Resources, n.d., par. 1). Its official website indicates that â€Å"membership is open to corrections professionals, students, retired persons, interested citizens, organizations/institutions and corporations. There are many benefits to becoming a member of ACA including a one-year subscription to our Corrections Today magazine and On the Line newsletter, a 20% discount on selected publications and correspondence courses, ACA directories and discounted rates on our Winter Conference and Summer Congress of Correction (ACA: Membership, n.d., par. 1). National Criminal Justice

Therapeutic Nursing Interventions Research Paper

Therapeutic Nursing Interventions - Research Paper Example Nursing is a field that involves dealing with a large number of people and thus, communication is a key factor at work. However, it is through communication that the nurses get into conflicts with one another and with the patients (Morrell-Stinson, Abraham,  & Bolliger, 2012). Statement of the Problem The clinical problem here is conflict among the nurses and with the patients. While working, nurses tend to disagree about many things concerning work. In my environment nurses engage in issues such as stubbornness, failure to adhere to the right clinical ethics, and failure to follow the set rules and regulations. Therefore, this raises conflicts since the head officers will not agree to some of the behaviors displayed (Morrell-Stinson et al., 2012). The work environment also contributes to conflicts among nurses. For instance, in an environment where the laboratory equipment is few, nurses may get into a conflict over the use of such instruments. However, this will also depend to th e way in which the environment is organized. In an environment where duties are not well allocated to the nurses, the conflicts are bound to increase (Bjork,  1995). Since nurses are always working together, differences in personalities also contribute to conflicts. Each nurse has his or her own personality, which may be different from that of another nurse. This way, disagreements may be on the increase if two different personalities cross paths. In my environment, the issue of poor qualifications also contributes to conflicts both among the nurses and with the patients (Bjork,  1995). Conflicts with the patients occur when patients feel that the nurse does possess efficient skills in the field. On the other hand, conflicts with other nurses arise when a nurse performs a particular duty in the wrong manner. Therefore, the problem of conflicts in the nursing field can be faced in different ways. This is a clinical problem in my environment because many nurses have performed poor ly at work due to the issue of conflicts with their colleagues and patients. In addition, conflicts with patients have also caused loss of lives of many patients. This can be mainly explained by the fact that conflict resolution methods in my environment are very poor (Stanton,  2012). The reason why I chose to investigate this problem is because the issue has become a key subject of discussion since it is causing many losses among nurses and patients. For instance, conflicts have caused many nurses to lose their jobs and even their licenses. On the other hand, patients have also died due to chaos among the nurses in clinics. Therefore, this is an issue that needs immediate attention before it causes more losses. Increasing conflicts can also be attributed to the increasing diversity among people. For example, in the United States, clinical facilities are composed of nurses from different races and cultures. Therefore, the workplace consists of people with different cultural value s and thus, they have to learn how to tolerate one another’s values in order to stay in harmony. Current Clinical Practice In the current clinical setting, diversity is the key cause of conflicts and thus, nurses have to find a way of accepting and appreciating one another. The key mechanisms used in the current clinical setting include application of policies and regulations that should be followed at the workplace. However, in most cases these regulations do not

Information Technology - questions to answer Essay

Information Technology - questions to answer - Essay Example From the other side, the cost of qualitative education is constantly rising. So people who invested huge money in their education can not afford receiving low salaries. Therefore it becomes impossible to find highly-educated professional human resources at low price. Those who sat that personnel from India or China is highly educated should ask themselves how many college graduates from India or China are working at top positions at U.S. companies. Often talented people from overseas should first work in the U.S. company for few years and overtake some corporate training (or post-graduate education) to become valuable employees. I think that ACME Corporation should use experience of other IT companies which are successful in transferring their facilities to developing countries. For example, managers at U.S.-Dutch professional publishing giant Wolters Kluwer shifted software development and editorial work to India and the Philippines. Therefore they are able to pump out a greater variety of books, journals, and Web-based content more rapidly. Wachovia Corp., the Charlotte-based bank inked a $1.1 billion deal with India's Genpact to outsource finance and accounting jobs and handed over administration of its human-resources programs to Lincolnshire-based Hewitt Associates. It's "what we need to do to become a great customer-relationship company," says Director of Corporate Development Peter J. Sidebottom cited in Engardio (2006). Wachovia aims to reinvest up to 40% of the $600 million to $1 billion it hopes to take out in costs over three years into branches, ATMs, and personnel to boost its core business. Here's what such transformations typically entail: Genpact, Accenture (ACN ), IBM Services, or another big outsourcing specialist dispatches teams to meticulously dissect the workflow of an entire human resources, finance, or info tech department. The team then helps build a new IT platform, redesigns all processes, and administers programs, acting as a virtual subsidiary. The contractor then disperses work among global networks of staff ranging from the U.S. to Asia to Eastern Europe. In recent years, Procter & Gamble (PG ), DuPont (DD ), Cisco Systems (CSCO ), ABN Amro (ABN ), Unilever, Rockwell Collins (COL ), and Marriott (MAR ) were among those that signed such megadeals, worth billions. As Engardio (2006) writes, many executives are discovering offshoring is really about corporate growth, making better use of skilled U.S. staff, and even job creation in the U.S., not just cheap wages abroad. True, the labor savings from global sourcing can still be substantial. But it is peanuts compared to the enormous gains in efficiency, productivity, quality, and revenues that can be achieved by fully leveraging offshore talent. However what the company really has to help it survive in this environment is finance. So ACME Corporation can attract professional talents from India, China and Eastern Europe with the same methods as it attracts American specialists. Good strategy for ACME Corporation is to provide social insurance and credits for mortgage or other purposes to its college-educated English-speaking employees from India or China that will attract talented personnel to the company. As Liu (2006) writes, the US economy emerged after World

Using their Powers For Bad :: essays research papers

Over the years, there have been multiple occasions in which the entertainment industry has stuck it’s nose in places where it doesn’t belong. Instead doing their job of providing the general public with music, movies, and television shows that will amuse them, and divert them from their normal everyday life, people in Hollywood are using their status of high respect to influence others political views.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In August of 1972, as the Vietnam War was winding down, Jane Fonda visited North Vietnam. While she was there, she visited many of the places where the Vietnamese people were living, and also the Vietnamese soldiers. One photo that was taken of her instantly became famous. She was posing on an NVA anti-aircraft gun, the same guns that were used to shoot down American planes. While American soldiers were over in Vietnam putting their lives on the line for our country, she went to visit the enemy, and sit in the gun seat of anti-American weaponry. While members of our military were fighting for their lives, she was using her celebrity and money to protest the war, and influence others to do the same.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a member of a highly respected industry, others took the views and opinions of Jane Fonda very seriously. When someone of that status goes to other countries, and makes statements such as Jane Fonda did, other countries begin to believe that they are the views of the entire country. Her anti-war feelings were construed as being the general sentiment of all Americans because she was the one who was famous enough to have here opinions documented and widely publicized.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another celebrity who has used her fame for reasons other than entertainment is Sheryl Crow. She has not gone quite as far as Jane Fonda did in the seventies, but has still used notoriety to influence others. She frequently wears anti-war apparel at her concerts and other Hollywood events, and always sneaks in some sort of â€Å"no war† speech into all of her interviews. In 2003 during a March concert in London, Natalie Maines, the lead singer of the Dixie Chicks, took a break from performing to make some very controversial comments. She claimed that, â€Å"we’re ashamed the president of the United States is from Texas.† A comment may felt was completely uncalled for, it caused many people to boycott them. Patrons that paid for those tickets did not do so in order to hear a political debate, they paid to hear a concert.

Universal Design

Question 1 i) The current state and extent of universal design in the interior design practice. The 20th century had brought major social changes with respect to civil and human rights. Medical advances during this period meant that the surviving an injury or illness was far greater. Many people were living longer and the average life expectancy of people with severe impairments was increasing too. Therefore many governments in developed country responded with the introduction of equal rights and anti discrimination legislation to support this group of people especially in built environment (centre for excellent in UD, 2008).In line with that Malaysia’s government is also moving towards the same goal where the first action taken required a 1993 amendment in the Uniform building by-laws (UBBL) stated that new developments have need to incorporate universal design into the building plan. Similar action taken by the department of standards Malaysia, through SIRIM Bhd, on revising two of the existing Malaysian standards (MS) to enhance accessibility for all. They are ms 1184: 2002: code of practice for access of disabled persons to public buildings (first revision) and MS 1331: 2002: code of practice for access of disabled persons outside buildings (first revision).After all, both had been merged into a new document called universal design and accessibility in the built environment: code of practice (second revision). Those amendments and revision is applicable to new and existing buildings. Under the amended UBBL, new developers had to comply with existing standards in order to improve universal access. As far as researcher concern, as stated by leader of revising Malaysian standard Asiah (2006), the revised standards is more toward guidelines on features, from traffic islands and footpaths to door handles and taps, referenced from international universal design standards in developed countries.Which she acknowledged that it has been difficult to incorporat e the desired features within existing buildings in Malaysia, but government stressed that the buildings should at least provide basic amenities, such as ramps and toilets for the disabled, and lifts with braille buttons for the blind, as well as voice activation (Asiah, 2006). On the other hand, from researcher observation those amendments and revising law and act are mean for public spaces and institution building which directly focusing on special group of users such as disable and older people.For that reason, therefore none or less interior designer sensitive or try to utilize the established regulation in their practice due to no enforcement from government. This was happen because the regulation and standard are mean or have been set up for special group of people only such as for disable people and more widely need to be implement in the public buildings only. With this indication it showed that most designers and users are not ready to accept that accessible and usable feat ures are for everybody and they tend to see those regulation and standard are something that will add the cost of the project.With this misconception, the interior design practice is hardly to be change because designers cannot relate about design and the nature of human being. Contrary with universal design (UD) approach that have been coin by Ron Mace that in designing for users, we should assumes the wide range of human ability is ordinary, not special (Ostroff, 2001). This is because, despite of disable and older people, users especially those used the interior space are not homogenous group which consist various physical abilities (Story and Mueller, 2002).This can be view from the world statistic that population today is much more broaden from the past, where many people survived from serious illness and accident. Furthermore the declining fertility and mortality rates are higher and it contributes to the increases of the world population. Therefore this shift of demographic c hange has a multifaceted impact on the society particularly in relation of use of the interior design. On the overview of Malaysia’s statistic in year 2005, Malaysia has been classified as an ageing nation (department of statistic, Malaysia 2006). The number of elderly citizen rise to 1. 7 million (7. percent of the population) and by year 2020, Malaysia will be a mature society with 9. 5 percent of the population aged 60 and above (department of statistic, Malaysia 2000). This statistic means that 1. 4 million older people today will be more than double in their numbers in 16 years time. Those people are the â€Å"real users† and they are active person that used the interior space and demand the space to be support their daily activities through their life course. The phenomenon of changing physical abilities related to age and disabilities are something that everybody will experience during life course (Etchell and Yelding, 2004).Therefore considering diverse users i s significant in providing a better living space for all rather than segregated them. However, in interior design practice today, frequently designers are inclined to design for a stereotype of users that know as an â€Å"average people†. Which result the built environments means for users with specific ability range only that engage in specific lifestyles that prevent or limit the activities of others outside of the targeted group of inhabitants (Kreinbrook, 2007).Nevertheless until today, through researcher observation the implementation of new regulation and standard specifically in interior design is still moving slow where many interior designers does not aware about the pertinent of utilizing and incorporate UD in design practice specifically during design process in accommodating diverse users. Through researcher observation and experience all this happen because of two major reasons; firstly because there is less sensitive responsiveness related to global issue such a s on demographic change among interior designers.And the second factor is on the old school of thought in their design practice that have been pass from generation to the next generation which become a central root in designing. To be elaborate more on the first reason, researcher believed that demographic pattern is very essential for interior designer in order to understand the market demand in design. This is because from there on, the indicator of the â€Å"real users† can be established. From the â€Å"real users† indicator the solution and action during design process in creating a better living environment to all will be more sufficient and efficient in supporting their daily activities.The second reason that causes low interest on new design paradigm specifically UD is because of old school of thought among interior designer. Conventionally, designers are still generalizes users into two different groups, such as â€Å"average† and â€Å"disable† people. With this point of view, design has been divided to standard practice and special design requirement practice where the UBBL and Malaysian standard is referred. Contrary meaning of UD which strives to be a broad-spectrum solution that helps everyone, not just people with disabilities.Moreover, UD recognizes a wide range of consumers and they try to include everyone in design. The practice of UD as stated by kose (2009) have a holistic view that when considered disable or elderly person in design, it will benefit to others group of people too. Therefore by consider diverse users in design process, the usable and accessible living environment will be increases and no one is been excluded or segregate from the system. Furthermore, as stated by Imrie (2006) none of human being can be described as an average throughout life course.This is because people are growing older everyday, they become temporary disable because of sickness, accident, broken limb, serious illness and experi ence pregnancy (Imrie, 2006). Those changing physical criteria and abilities are describing a nature of human being no one has control on that. Beside the issue discuss above, if we look at the pattern of one living space in Malaysia it probably been occupied with minimum of or at least one family member. Where the family members are consists of adult, children, and sometime been visit by their older parent or disable friend.Those indicators of various types of users are describing all of us that used the living environment. Parallel with commercial spaces too, which users and visitors are come in various size and physical abilities too. Those unexpected visitors will use the same living space and amenities with others. In view of that, researcher understood it is inflexible to consider only specific group of users during design process where the world today is heading to universal solution in design for all people.Therefore an old school of thought specifically on the categories of users is insignificant anymore in today practice. Therefore, interior design field demands a revolutionize in designing and thinking to incorporate new design paradigm such UD as part of the practice in order to have an alternative way to switch over from old school of thought to new shift of thinking that respect diverse users. A consequence of looking holistically to â€Å"diverse users† in creating interior design is very significant in challenging the interior design practice today. Therefore this research is heading to.Yet through researcher experience, many of interior designers especially in Malaysia are still unaware about the impact of demographic change to the design industry especially in interior design. sadly, as reported by Harrison and Parker (2003), this is happen because there are deeply rooted problems in the minds of those responsible for the design of the built environment, where the inclusion of people-friendly features is visualize as a necessary but no t serious attempt or late to be tacked-on in the design process that create an obstacles to utilize the living environment.In addition, base on researcher observation, there are none or few of interior designers practice in Malaysia had considered diverse users (human diversity) during design process due to lack of knowledge and support. All this happen, because of there is no enforcement and less awareness among interior designers to see the relationship of nature changing on human being related to living environment that had highly impact on user’s daily activities performance.For that reason, a new shift of design thinking and practice in interior design need to appraisal in order to support a new trend of world population that approached a crossroad where the population of older peoples and disables are increased and this scenario included Malaysia too. As a result, with this stipulation, researcher believed the definition of users in design should be extended and include s a vast and diverse range of people that need to cope with or without extreme, unusual or unique daily challenges to use the living environment.So, therefore this study tries to integrate UD in interior design process beyond the current database of anthropometric and ergonomic to comply with Malaysian law and act in built environment. The integration of UD in interior design process is more toward creating usable interior space, products, and systems that  can be used by as many people as possible at their own choice or option of the operational in interior spaces.This is because UD is a user-centered process that evolves designers and users at broaden understanding, perspectives and experience by working with the range of users in a variety of environments. For that reason by emphasizing on careful selection and placement of the design features and product guided by UD principles will encourage more â€Å"choice† and â€Å"option† to user to use the space and produ ct at their own level of physical abilities. This integration process may result as flexibility operational, and multiple alternative way or means to use the interior space that can support diverse users need.However, as stated by Guimaraes (2008) there is a challenger to include diverse users in design process because, both consumers and design professionals are not yet prepared to work continuously for development of new and more socially responsive structures. Which many active adults in the work force are still reluctant to acknowledge the impact of such issues on their lives, and they are unwilling to assign personal attention and private resources to the development of usable environments where they live, work and spend their time with their families and friends (Guimaraes, 2008).Hence, the development of usable environments per say may not be a priority for many designers too, simply because they do not perceive disability as a problem for themselves (guimaraes, 2008). For th at reason, researcher endeavor to incorporate diverse users as a main factor for UD integrated in interior design process. With that proposal it shows the significant transformation in design practice which indicates an interior design is about long term care of users rather than a short attempt at the prime time of life only.For the wrapping up, researcher concluded that the real end user can not be described either one of the group portray as an average or disable but it is the combination of population and more. As a fact of truth people are changing their physical and abilities every day due to growing older, yet their living environment are not changing toward their nature. Therefore researcher has highly motivated to pursue this research by focusing on diverse users at the early stage of designing which may result a usable living environment for all people rather than segregated them.Hence, this complex issue had motivated researcher to investigate an alternative way in design process to maximize usable of the space for diverse users that may beneficial not only to targeted group but also to others that unintended to use the same living environment. For conclusion, by include as many people as possible in design process, it will make a practical and economic sense to all regardless their age and abilities. So that the final result of living environment can be use and access by all people at the same amenities with equal comfort regardless age and abilities.Furthermore by given a variety of choice or option of use and access the design features and product in interior design everybody have equal right to use and none have been excluded accept if the physical abilities is extremely low such paralyzed. Those indication discuss above would be appropriate to be consider in design as early part as possible rather than to duplicate and separate circulation paths, vertical access, toilets and other facilities which required high cost in the projects.The bottom l ine of this research is to have all living environments that considered capable of being utilized by everyone, and necessity to provide for their differing needs simultaneously. ii) Literature evidence on the important UD theory that can improve the quality of everyday life of users. Over the last few years, the concept of universal design (UD) has become quite accepted. As a new way of thinking in design that driven from demographic trends.UD is a relatively new design paradigm that emerged from â€Å"barrier-free† or â€Å"accessible design† and â€Å"assistive technology†( Welch and Palames, 1995). The special about UD, it is differs from accessibility requirements that are usually prescriptive whereas UD is performance based (Story and Muller, 2000). Furthermore, UD does not have standards or requirements but addresses usability issues for wide range of users as possible (Horton, 2005). Rather than focus on adapting new device or support for individuals at t he later time (Horton, 2005).Therefore when designers apply UD principles in their design, the interior space and products and services meet the needs of potential users with a wide variety of characteristics (the center for universal design). Disability is just one of many characteristics that an individual might possess (Burgstahler, 2012). In addition, barrier free design and assistive technology provide a level of accessibility for people with disabilities but they also often result in separate and stigmatizing solutions for others unintended users, for example, a ramp that leads to a different entry to a building than a main stairway (Parette and Scherer, 2004).Therefore, the movement of UD strives to be a broad-spectrum solution that supports everyone, not just people with disabilities (Stainfield, 2005). Furthermore UD is assuming a growing importance new design paradigm that represents a holistic and integrated approach to design ranging in scale, for example, from product d esign to architecture and urban design, and from simple systems such as those that control the ambient environment to complex information technologies (Ostroff, 2001).As a result, UD become an approach to the design of all products and environments to be usable by everyone, to the greatest extent possible, regardless of age, ability, or situation (Ostroff, 2001 ). The ultimate goal of UD is to serves people who are young or old, with excellent or limited abilities, in ideal or difficult circumstances (Ostroff, 2001). Therefore UD become a very significant theory that can benefit everyone by accommodating limitations of the users.As the world’s population ages, so does the demand for senior to have an appropriate living environment, facilities, outdoor environments, and products. Therefore UD has been established by many professional which have a potential to address the needs of older clients yet benefit others too (Kemp, 2002). Contrary to the negative assumption that attent ion to the needs of diverse users limits good design, the experience of imaginative designers around the world reveals the range of applications that delight the senses and lift the human spirit when UD is integral to the overall concept (Imrie, 2006).For that reason UD is assuming a growing importance design paradigm which aims at a holistic and integrated approach to design, ranging in scale from product design to architecture, and urban design on one hand, and systems controlling the ambient environment and information technology, on the other (Imrie, 2006). Even though the terminology differs from one country to another; but there are significant cultural differences in how the movement has evolved in each country, but the similarities are more apparent than the differences as they transcend national laws, policies, and practices (Kelleher.J, levesque. K, Coro. L, 2007). As stated by Steinfeld (2005) there is a confluence of factors generating the need for more universally desig ned products, environments and amenities, which includes the competitive, global nature of business today, the flourishing communications technology industry, the international disability movement, and the rapidly growing aging and disabled populations all over the world. Everyone is likely at some time to experience the misfit between themselves and their environment (Steinfeld, 2005 ).Ambient conditions or stress may create problems with using products or buildings. Togetherness on increases of aging people which become a potential for vulnerability in the environment (Demirkan, Halime, 2007). People worldwide are living longer, the aging population will double in the next 20 years (Mc neil, 1997), and a child born today has a 50% chance of living to be 100 years old. This segment of the population assumes greater societal importance due to their increasing numbers as well as the resources they consume (Baltes & Smith, 2001).Until recently, gerontological science, social policy an d health policy have focused on extending life and supporting older age in terms of a society's available resources (Baltes ; Smith, 2001). Maintaining such a focus on the older segment of the population obviously leaves a smaller percentage of resources for the remaining population (Baltes ; Smith, 2001 ). Moreover, the earlier phases of life may ultimately be the most important in terms of supporting health throughout the lifespan thereby conserving resources in later years (Baltes ; Smith, 2001).From the above literature it shows that UD is very relevant in understanding the needs of today’s users. The good point about UD is to increases usability, safety and health through the design and operation of environments, products and systems in response to the diversity of people and abilities. It is a way of thinking that can be applied in any design activity, business practice, program or service involving interaction of people with the physical, social or virtual worlds.To ac hieve UD goals, as stated by many researcher (Connell 1999, Jones 2003, Mace 1987, Mueller 2005, Mullick 2002, Ostroff 2001, Sanford, Steinfeld 2001, Story 2001, and Vanderheiden 2004) these are some attention that need to be include in design process to increase the quality of users life in prime time and the future too: Attention on users:- i. body fit – accommodating a wide a range of body sizes and abilities ii. comfort – keeping demands within desirable limits of strength and stamina iii. wareness – insuring that critical information for use is easily perceived iv. understanding – making methods of operation and use intuitive, clear and unambiguous v. social integration – treating all groups with dignity and respect vi. personalization – incorporating opportunities for choice and the expression of individual preferences vii. cultural appropriateness – respecting and reinforcing positive cultural values need some in put. The pract ice of UD is contextual.There are no absolute levels of performance since each project context determines what can be achieved. It is a continuous improvement process. The practice of UD can take place regardless of constraints or the level of technology available. Thus, the success of each application has to be evaluated by comparison to prevailing norms rather than against an absolute standard. iii) Literature gaps that lead to enhance the UD application for the future of the interior design practice.In the last decades, there was a growth in the number of the elderly population and disabled people. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that the world total will be more than one billion aged 60 or over by the year 2025 (Marshall et al 2004). Furthermore, the needs and demand of the diverse population, who are children, pregnant, adult and disable vary considerably. Yet, as per today the growing awareness among the designers to satisfy the needs of the diversified users are sti ll lack in demand (Marshall et al 2004).This is because as stated by Guimaraes, (2008) many active adults around the world are still reluctant to acknowledge the impact of physical built environment issues related to their daily lives. As stated by medical doctor Marill,(2010) natural changes in cells of human being may slow down or alter people capacity which most people will experience it when they reach their peak functioning at around age 30. As a result users at this prime age and above are at the top of their stamina of their physical body where they are generally can used all the design features in the interior space with less barrier.Although some operational of existing design features required high physical effort and crucial concentration with more energy requested, no one dare to report it as a problem because they force themselves to performance as their abilities at the peak function. Those users rather take their chance to used the existing design features with fair o bstacles rather express their personal attention because they do not want to be label as â€Å"older people† or â€Å"disable† in their surrounding where they live, work and spend their time with their families and friends Guimaraes, (2008).With that, therefore researcher believed a new technique to comprehend users needs is to understand the human diversity by include diverse users during design process in order to support them in built environment. For that reason it is a need to find an alternative approach in design in supporting a new trend of the population in line to sustain them in their chosen environment as their lifespan. From there on, this study will try to fill in the gap by integrate Universal Design (UD) at the early stage of designing, articularly during design process, which may turn design to be inclusive rather than exclusive for all. UD have ultimate input in this study because the idea behind UD is to create products and services that can be usabl e for people of all ages and various physical abilities (story, 2001). The attractiveness of UD as stated by Guimaraes (2008) is beyond the normal product it has been recognized as consumer products, where everything that is designed to be used by people are part of the UD.The unique of UD comes with seven principles that easily to be translated into the design practice (Story, 2001). These Seven Principles guide the designers and users by emphasizing the characteristic of more usable product and environment while providing a framework for the systematic evaluation of new or existing designs (Story, 2001). Furthermore, as stated by Iwarsson (2003) application of UD principles is more emphasizes on integration of accessibility and usability features from the onset, removing any stigma and resulting in social inclusion of the broadest diversity of users (Story, 2001).Therefore researcher strongly comprehend that UD is significant to be part of design process because it is truly a cohe rent theory that focuses on the ease of use of design features in the living environment for all. Even though there is an argument that UD cannot fulfill all people needs one hundred percent, but as stated by Congvinton (2000) UD can help to reduce physical barrier of built environment by given option and flexible on use and access for those who have physical abilities.In today life the society can no longer relegate the wheelchair user crippled, legless, mute or deaf people, because they are part of the society and we are also part of them. Therefore as stated by Iwarsson (2003) by designing for diverse users as possible, a design is no longer special and no longer identifies the users as different and all of us apart from each other and can share all the facilities provided in built environment without segregation.To achieve the goal, according to Guimaraes (2008) the content of legislation need to progress worldwide towards a broader definition of the population who could benefit from the development of ‘user-friendly’ environments, i. e. , environments that are responsive to users’ varied abilities. As per today the notions of accessibility and usability of built environments have expanded the definition of disability beyond the medical view regarding lack of personal capacity for the undertaking of certain activities in built environment (Guimaraes, 2008).However, in design practices today, the main focuses of usable living environment are still remained on the needs of people with permanent disabilities only. Contrary on the increased of the proportion of able body people who experience temporary disabilities due to age and life accident that have been not counted to be part of users that need usable living environment. Therefore Guimaraes (2008) has stated that there is a strong correlation between age and disability, where the older people are the more likely to become disabled as they aged.With the literature discussed, it showed t hat as the average age of number of people increases, most widely the number of people will benefit from UD will boost up (Guimaraes, 2008). Guimaraes (2008) also stated that as people get older they still want to remain active and well adjusted in their own house, local communities, while accessing public buildings and outdoor spaces. This has driven demand for better usable features in built environments. Moreover, recognizing disability as part of everyone’s issues with the design of built environments requires a fundamental transformation in the way societies have dealt with (Guimaraes, 2008).For that reason creating opportunities for each individual, despite disabilities, to live and participate to their full potential is one of the pertinent in this study. As a result, creating UD from the early stage of design is more cost effective than adaptation at a later stage, meaning that there are also strong economic arguments for building more inclusive environments (Steinfel d, 2005), Therefore, this study is heading to, since many literatures showed that UD had proven it successful applied in developed country to minimize physical barrier of built environment.However in Malaysia, the awareness of the benefit of UD from professionals just started to nurture. Therefore the implementations are still slow due to no enforcement from government and lack of the knowledge to incorporate in design. For that reason, this study attempt to look into the design practice on how UD can be integrates during design process at the fundamental level to increase the usable of the space and to assist ID for better understanding on diverse users iv) Research questions and Research objectives. Research questionsRQ: How can Universal Design Principles be integrate in interior design process in accommodating diverse users in Malaysia? Research objectives R. O: To integrate Universal Design principles in interior design process to accommodate diverse users in Malaysia. Referenc es: Asiah, 2006. Keperluan pengguna dan rekabentuk bangunan untuk warga tua di Malyasia. Pusat Penyelidikan, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa, edisi pertama 2006. Burgstahler, S. 2012. Equal access: Universal design of instruction. Seattle: DO-IT University of Washington. www. uw. edu/doit/Brochures/Academics/equal_access_udi. tml Baltes, P. B. , ; Smith, J. (2001). Multilevel and systemic analyses of old age: Theoretical and empirical evidence for a fourth age. In V. L. Bengtson ; K. W. Schaie (Eds. ), Handbook of theories of aging (pp. 153-173). New York: Springer. Center for Excellent Universal design, 2008. Building for Everyone: A Universal Design Approach. http://www. universaldesign. ie/ Department of Statistic, Malaysia. (2006) External Trade Statistics. Demirkan, Halime. (2007) Housing For The Ageing Population. European Review of Ageing Physical Activity Journal. Volume4. (4:33-38) Etchell .L and Yelding. D, 2004. Inclusive design: products for all consumers Consumer Policy R eview. volume 14 †¢ number 6 Guimaraes M. P. 2008, a holistic approach in Universal Design practice. In Avancos e Desafios na Construcao de uma Sociedade Inclusiva. R. Correa (edt). Belo Horizonte: PUC-MG,. Pp 88-104 Horton S, 2005. The Universal Usability site houses an unabridged, online version of Access by Design: A Guide to Universal Usability for Web Designers, by published in 2005 Harrison, J. D. ; Parker, K. J. 1998. Getting it right: Housing design for an ageing society in a changing world.Housing Science, 32(4), 273-283. Imrie, R. , 2006. Independent Lives and the Relevance of Lifetime Homes. Disability and Society,. 21, No. 4(June 2006): p. 15. Iwarsson, S. (2003). Accessibility, usability, and universal design – Positioning and definition of concepts describing person-environment relationships. Disability and Rehabilitation, 25, 57-66. Kreinbrook . A T (2007). A Barrier-free Paradigm for Interdependent Living. M. Arch. , University of Maryland, College Park, 2007, 148 pages; AAT 1450195 Kose, Satoshi. (2009). How can the exploding senior population be accommodated?Japanese struggle towards inclusive design. Journal of Engineering Design, Nov. 2009 Kelleher. Jennifer, Kassie levesque, Linda Coro. (2007). Universal Accessibility: study of the marketplace. Center for Community Inclusive and Disability Studies. The University of Maine. Kemp, J 2002. , â€Å"Foreword,† in Building a World Fit for People: Designers with Disabilities at Work, E. Ostroff, M. Limont, and D. Hunter (eds. ), Boston: Adaptive Environments, 2002. Mace R. 1985, Universal Design, Barrier-free Environments for Everyone. Los Angeles , CA: Designers West. McNeil, J. M. 1997.Americans with disabilities: 1994-95. US Bureau of the Census Current Population Reports, P70-61. Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office Marshall, A. L. , Chetwynd, A. , Morris, J. , et al. 2004. Type 1 diabetes mellitus in childhood: a matched case control study in Lancashire and Cumbri a, UK. Diabet Med,. 21: 1035-1040. Marill. M. C, 2010. Is This Normal Aging or Not? Pain or sudden changes need a closer look. WebMD Feature. Ostroff, E. (2001). Universal design: The new paradigm. In Universal design handbook, edited by W. F. E. Preiser and E. Ostroff, 1. 3-2. 1.New York: Mc Graw-Hill. Parette. P, Scherer. M, Technology Use and Stigma. Education and Training in Developmental Disabilities, 2004, 39(3), 217–226 Division on Developmenta Disabilities. Story, M. F. and Mueller, J. , (2002) Universal Design Performance Measures for Products: A Tool for Assessing Universal Usability, in Emerging and Accessible Telecommunications, Information and Healthcare Technologies (pp. 19-28, RESNA Press, Arlington). Story, MF, Mueller, JL, Montoya-Weiss, M, ; Ringholz D (2000). Progress in the development of universal design performance measures.Technology for the new millennium: Proceedings of the RESNA '00 annual conference, pp. 132 134. Steinfeld, E. , et. al. (2005). The Anthropometrics of Disability. Buffalo: Center for Inclusive Design & Environmental Access State University of New York at Buffalo. Story, M. F. (2001). Principles Of Universal Design. In W. F. E. Preiser & E. Welch, P. and Palames, C. 1995. A brief history of disability rights legislation in the United States. In Welch, P. (Ed. ),  Strategies for teaching universal design. Boston, MA: Adaptive Environments Center. Question 2 i. The theory/theories that guide the study.Derived from literature review, theoretical basis of this research come from a broad view of Human-centered design theory. The principles underlying human-centered design range across discipline, from community design, to architectural design, to interior design, industrial design, and design of communication venues. In this research, Human-Centered Design is focuses on the physical abilities and needs of the human user to enable them to be function at the highest level possible in their living space. It includes pr oducts and aspects of the physical environment that meet the needs and abilities of the users in interior design.For this study, utilizing research findings and data on physical abilities and limitations of users related to social needs will provide a new concept of living-environment solutions that enable all users to function at their highest capacity regardless of age and ability. According to the Institute for Human Centered Design (HCD), Universal Design (UD) has a parallel design movement with HCD that offers a similar framework for design problem-solving based on the core value of environmental responsibility. Therefore this study, attempt to adopt UD as main design theory in finding a new solution in interior design to accommodates diverse ser in Malaysia. UD is a term that was first used in the United States by Ron Mace (1985). UD is not a trend but an enduring design approach that assumes the range of human ability is ordinary, not special (Ostroff, 2001). According to Mac e`s definition of UD is â€Å"means simply designing all products, buildings and exterior spaces to be usable by all people to the greatest extent possible† (Mace, 1988). For that reason, Convington (1997) stated that UD is intended to be inclusive not exclusive. Therefore, researcher agreed with many researchers that everyone should have an equal access and use the built environment at any level of their life.Even though some users may or are facing limitation or difficult during life course, but it is not impossible task for them to live in the same living environment if UD had been included from the beginning of designing (Ostroff, 2001). For the purpose of this study, UD can be describe as a design theory that increases usability, through the design and operation of environments, products and systems in response to the diversity of people and abilities. The adopted of UD in this research is because of the holistic of definition that focusing on human interaction with buil t environment at the fundamental level.This can be portrayed in seven principles of UD that have been developed by professional and scholar with logic and realistic guideline in design (Sandhu, 2001). The UD principles are the theory base that leads to the practice. Below are the seven principles of UD that have been established definition criteria by Center for UD North Carolina (1997) and will be a baseline for research framework in this study. Principle| Definition | 1| Equitable use| A feature is designed to be useful to and accessible by people with diverse abilities. Provide the same means of use for all people; identical whenever possible, equivalent when not. 2| Flexibility in use| A feature is designed to accommodate a wide range of individual abilities. Provide choice in methods of use. | 3| Simple and intuitive| A feature is designed in a straightforward and predictable manner, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level . Eliminate unnecessary complexity. | 4| Perceptible information| A feature is designed so that necessary information is communicated effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's abilities. 5| Tolerance for error| A feature minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions. | 6| Low physical effort| A feature is designed to minimize nonessential physical effort in order to allow maximum attention and can be used efficiently with minimum of fatigue. | 7| Size and space for approach and use| A feature is designed with consideration for appropriate size and space for approach, reach, manipulations, and use regardless of a user's body size, posture, mobility, and communication needs. |From the Table above, researcher plan to synthesize and adopt all the seven principles of UD to be integrate in interior design process. This is because through researcher critical reading and analysis of all the established criteria of seven prin ciples they are significant recitation of theory of usability which mean, in order to develop usable living space those seven criteria is vital to be consider in design process. Apart from that, researcher plan to expand these seven principles as operational variables that focusing on selecting and placement of the design features in living environment related to user’s daily activities.The extension of the UD principles can be overview as a parameter to set up the minimum usable and accessible design features that tolerate an option and choice to use the design features and product in living environment. As a result, researcher forecast to utilize UD principles at the fundamental level in design process. To do so, this research will only focusing on the basic design features and product in interior design that directly use by users to start their daily activities without needs any high technology involve.From there on, researcher anticipate that a synthesis on established cr itical area and product in interior design from others scholar that most reported by users who facing difficulties or barrier through their life course will be a baseline of the study. Therefore, researcher assumed with understanding the integration of UD principles in interior design process, the living environment will result no or less advance technology or device added and the most vital is without compromises the aesthetical value f the living environment. To achieve the goal of the study, researcher foresee that a sensitivity and awareness on knowledge of selecting and placement of design features and product guided by theory of UD related to usable space for diverse users among interior designers are significant for future development of usable living environment for all. ii. The theoretical development of UD framework that your study will use for application in the interior design field.The roots of universal design (UD) can be traced to pioneering by architect name Ron Mace (1941-1998), who first envisioned a design concept guaranteeing the greatest access and usability to all, regardless of age or ability, while maintaining aesthetic appeal (Center for UD, 1997). This theory is based on the premise that design of products and environments must be usable by all people, in the greatest extent possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design (Center for UD, 1997).In 1980s Mace was particularly responding to the lacks of adequate barrier-free architecture to meet the needs of the physically handicapped. Yet, even then, Mace (1988) had a much broader application in mind, that all spaces, features and aspects of all things should be designed to be usable by all people of all ages and abilities. As a result, the intent of the UD is more toward simplify life for everyone by making more usable and accessible design features that give an option or choice to users to use and access their environment at their own preferable way (Center for UD (199 7).UD also has been developed because of significant on the achievement in the past century of enhanced health and subsequent longevity. A new dimension of the cycle of provision has presented a heightened challenge for people of all ages. According to Sandhu (2001), there are many trends in society and global markets that clearly justify the need for actions regarding disable and older people. Below are the previous concepts that accommodate people in relation to their special needs referring to UD handbook (2001): * Ergonomics: originated at the end of World War II.Upon analyzing military objectives, their successes and failures, scientists finally realized human beings needed to be taken into account in the design process of machinery and equipment, to increase their effectiveness. Ergonomics has since developed into a science concerning itself with human beings and how people function in conjunction with a variety of equipment, products, methods and circumstances. Professional e rgonomists consider a wide range of factors when offering guidance to ensure products or services is safe, easy to use, and efficient.Physical attributes such as size, weight, height, strength, skill, speed, and sensory abilities, along with thermal comfort, motion, vibration, posture and workload are analyzed, in an effort to increase performance, prolong endurance and to reduce accidents. As a summarize, ergonomics encompasses all human activity and relies on research and data of a wide variety of disciplines including Anthropometry, Engineering, Biomechanics, Environmental Physics, Body Systems, Physiology, Applied Psychology and Social Psychology.Ergonomists work to improve the quality of users’ lives, increase users safety and enhance performance by providing solutions for workstations, tools, equipment, protective wear, cleanliness and worker well-being. As a result, ergonomic concept only focuses on how to help management to identify hazardous conditions, provide train ing, analyze data, establish prevention control measures and evaluate progress as a whole rather than utilize it in daily life activities for diverse users. Barrier-free design: Was developed during the Civil Rights and Disability Rights Movements by those trying to prevent discrimination against people with disabilities. Physical barriers were recognized as a hindrance to a person’s freedom. Barrier-free designs today are influence in policies, design practices and law through the standardization of codes for access to the built environment. Although barrier-free design is part of the practice and law but the record of workplace injuries is still continue to increase.This result showed that the effectiveness of the barrier free design is still doubtful. All this happen because of it predominantly a disability-focused movement only that removing architectural barriers through the building codes and regulations. As a result barrier free design is about removing physical barrie r follow the Code and Regulation stated in federal legislation nevertheless UD is extended version of barrier free design that looking more detail on providing usable environment to largest population. Assistive Technology: Is technology that focused on designing or creating personal use devices or tools, utilized by individuals and help or compensates one with disability to function. Assistive technology essentially follows the medical model of disability where products or spaces are designed primarily to provide for people with special needs or with disabilities. Assistive technology is a personal preferable device and more on implies the development of high cost and design mainly for use within institutionalized setting, such as hospital or public housing or care center (Newell, 2003).Therefore it is less favorable to be included in personal space because of the institutional look and sometime become barrier to unintended users. As reported by Mace, Hardie and Place (1991) the di sable community are sometimes frustrated with assistive technology device because of the lack of commercially available products, misconceptions of disability, and attitudinal barriers often fostered by specialized and stigmatizing design solution.This is because of there is no prime practice that focus to create usable environment for all that included everybody rather than segregated design. Therefore the revolution and UD movement take part and started to be developed. For that reason, UD concept is referred to â€Å"lifespan† design that understands on spectrum of human abilities (Center for UD 1997) which contrary to the accessible and barrier free design that has a tendency to separate facilities in relation to different users needs (Steinfeld 1994).Even though UD is a new movement in design theory, but UD is actually an extension of accessible design, barrier free design and inclusive design which the goal of UD is to extend usable and accessible environment to the lar gest population possible, without the need for adaptation or specialized design (Steinfeld 1994). According to Johnson (2008), UD is making its way into the collective consciousness, spurred on by the needs of ageing population. The concept of UD in built environment is originated from United Stated of America and other countries such as United Kingdom, Australia and Japan (Roennfeldt, 2003).UD is also known by different phrase covers a range of interpretation in different country, which is often used interchangeably, and overlapping but the objective or the goal of UD originally meant the same, to encompass all users, including elderly and disable people in the overall general population (Hasono, 2004). The accepted phrases that have been used internationally are design-for-all, trangenerational design, design for the broader average or design for the â€Å"non-average†.Others similar concept and share same objective of UD that have been used worldwide, for instance ‘L ife Span Dwelling’ in Norway, ‘Adaptable Housing and Flexible Housing’ in the United Kingdom, ‘Life Time Home and Easy Adaptable House’ in Sweden, and ‘Elderly Dwelling’ in Denmark (Kose 2009). Even though most residential designed with the UD concept are called differently in various countries but the objective or the goal of UD originally meant the same. According to Hasono (2004), UD phrase is still an alternative and preferable way of expressions to describe design for all included older people and the disable.Therefore the phrase of UD is ultimately use in this research, which described one solution that fit all people in built environment as they grow older. One of the most obvious UD succeed was reported by Steinfield (2005) is because of expression on usable features is invisible on the product or environment; its aesthetic qualities remains, yet its usefulness is maintained. In addition, UD goes beyond minimum access codes and s tandards, to design environments that are comfortably usable and accessible by people from childhood into their oldest years (Nasar, J.L. ; Evans-Cowley, J, 2007). It is contrary to the negative assumption that attention to the needs of diverse user limits good design (Ostroff, 2001). Although UD may well be true to support diverse users with good design, it is important to see the successful of UD in western countries beyond the life style and culture too. This would appear to be supported by Kato (2007), in Japan, where UD has been effectively utilized by Japanese in their daily life activities without compromising their culture, way of living and climate.Kato (2007) added that successful implementation of UD in Japan was due to the characteristics and features of UD that are visible in the product. The way designers from Japan incorporating the idea of UD through carefully selected and placed differently of the UD features at the house components and products was the main rationa le of success in applying UD in Japan (Kato, 2007). Moreover, Imrie (2006) had stated UD concept in housing grew out of the recognition to simplify daily activity by considering basic needs of users; on how user access or use or operate the product or space.Imrie (2006) described daily activities such as people walk in and out the house, transfer around the house, use and reach some fixtures and products in house are main activities for people before they start other daily activities such as bathing, cooking, eating and sleeping. As a result, the daily activities described are very important and common activities for all people in all over the world regardless their culture, language and knowledge.Therefore researcher had concluded the most common activities that every single people will performance in pursuing their daily activities are summarized as below: * Able to get in and out the house easily * Able to get through the doorway * Able to move around the space * And able to reac h and use all the equipment Furthermore, those common activities described above will be a main parameter in this research. Many research findings reveal that the highest environmental problems such as falls among older people occur in the toilet, bathroom and kitchens.Even though the research finding says so, through researcher observation and confirm with previous study done by Mansor (2008), indicated that barrier and obstacles in the area mention above are in fact started with the used of unplanned and unusable design features of building components and products. The verification of above statement possibly can be interpreted as an evidence that by looking critically on how users transfer themselves into the toilet (using door features: door handle, door frame, floor finishes at door frame and etc) are seldom recorded.If the door features are usable and accessible such as no threshold or no changing level at the floor of the toilet, it will give less or no barrier to user to pas s through and to continue their daily activities such as bathing and others (Mansor, 2008). The indication of this part of the analysis led to the conclusion that design features in interior design components and products through detail selection and proper placement may minimize the barrier and obstacles in living environment.In the scenario described above, it can be attributed to shows that if the door does not permit users to access it easily, it also hinders users to continue others daily activities. Therefore with this reviewed, researcher has set the limitation of the study in the direction to micro understanding of design features rather than focus to macro view of area or spaces in order to create accessible and usable space to all. With that statement, researcher has full confidence that UD can be successfully applied in Malaysia too, without the need to compromise the look of the physical living environment or even the culture.This is because, as stated by Johnson (2008) UD concept is not a new science, style, or unique in anyway but it requires only an awareness of needs and it is a realistic approach to making everything that is designed and produced are usable and accessible by everyone to the greatest extent. Johnson (2008) added, the application of UD involves minor changes on the placement and selection of the design features in living environment for example on size, choice of operation, or the way in which the user must interact with the design.With that, It is significant to shows that UD is not an added features or device in interior design but it is more toward on improvement or upgrading the existing features to be more easy to use and access by all regardless of culture, language and knowledge. From the conceptual of UD described above, researcher anticipated that integrating UD principles in interior design process will be a significant result in accommodating diverse users in Malaysia. iii. Theoretical framework to explain the potenti al of integrating UD during the interior design process.To illustrate the development of theoretical framework in this study, researcher will segregate the key operational variables into three divisions as follow: a) Universal Design i) Universal design Principles ii) Usable design features b) Interior Design i) Design process ii) Regulation and Standard c) Integrated UD process i) Selection and placement of Design features ii) Interior Design Intervention iii) Usable and Visitable interior space Flow chart for theoretical framework The development theoretical framework to show the potential of integrating UD can be clarified as follow:The main body knowledge of the study become as showed above is Interior design and Universal Design. From the construct of each body knowledge, researcher attempt to focus only on design process and UD principles. From the center focus determine above researcher will explore the components or features that most pertinent in each part such the most com ponents requirement during design process is regulation and standard apply in the process together with human database that guided designer to provide an appropriate measurement in design. For the UD principles, expert and cholar from center for UD North Carolina has established seven principles related to usable and accessible design features theory that have been accepted worldwide. From the above components and features researcher will scrutinize both to comprehend the integration. From the integration process researcher will identify the appropriate method how to put it into the practice. As a result, through literature review and researcher experience the best modus operandi to integrate both body-knowledge is through considerate on selection and placement of usable design features in interior design process.To perform the modus operandi described above, researcher has identified four interior interventions that most reported generate some obstacles to the users in their daily activities. Those interventions related to daily activities can be illustrated as follow: Entrance features An entrance is made up of several components: * Actual door * Interior and exterior floor/ ground area in the immediate proximity of the door * Threshold * Door hardware (door handle) The entrance features in this research is about the main access or passageway for the purpose of get in and out the building.An entrance features includes door and size of the opening, floor features, threshold, and the hardware of the entry door such as the door handle. Those features are important to determine whether users can use and access easily or with fairly obstacles or with major barrier that permit them from getting in and out the house at their preferred abilities, to start perform others daily activities. Internal Door features * Door width * Floor features between the door * Threshold * Door hardware (door handle)Internal door can be described as a main opening component on the wall that provides access to interior spaces. The features to be analyzed are the characteristics of the door component such as door handle, door width, opening operation of the door (in or out swing) and floor features between the door and the threshold. Those listed features are directly contact in user’s daily activities such as to relocating themselves from one space to another space to perform daily activities. Vertical circulation: StaircaseIncluded all components at the staircase: * Design of the staircase * Railing size and design * Handrail size and design Vertical circulation is more on studying the staircase features that consist of handrails, railing features and staircase design. This is because staircase is the main building component that connects two different levels of the spaces in the building (please disregard on technology such as lift and escalator because this study only focused on fundamental design features in interior design).Therefore by understanding s taircase components features described above related to nature of use by human will be significant to support them in reposition from different level of the interior spaces. Electrical power point Contents with several electrical devices: * Electrical switches (location and proportion) * Electrical socket (location and proportion) The components of electrical power point in this research are limited to electrical switches and socket terminals specifically focused on location or position and proportion of height in interior design.These design features of electrical power points are important because in today life, human activities depends a lots on electrical devices to support their needs and activities. Those electrical power points are components that are used daily in a interior design space to pursue daily activities such as switching on and off the lights, computers and television for entertainment and also for cooking purposes and etc. 1. Main body-knowledge: Universal Design Principles Universal Design in this research goes far beyond removal barrier issues.UD in this study is more toward physical access and use of the interior space where interior design is not simply an obstacle to be negotiated. UD is more related to user’s interaction with many different features in the living environment and product use that often user rely on it when in the interior space. Therefore researcher concludes that UD principles is pertinent in interior design to give an idea and as guidance for creating usable and accessible living environment in supporting diverse users in Malaysia 2. Main body-knowledge: Interior designInterior design field known as one of architecture division that addresses large and complex issues related to interior space planning and the end users. Research has stated that 90 percent of human activities take place in the interior space (ASID 2007). With that finding it showed that interior design become a very important part in human live to move forward in daily activities. As refer to America Society of Interior Design (ASID) interior designer is a profession that required a holistically understands about the end users in creating a living environments that support their daily activities.For that reason, researcher foresees the end users should be a central focus of the creation in interior design. This is because; users have direct connected with the built environment where they should feel trouble-free to use and access the interior space. A fundamental goal of interior design is generally to make a space that is both comfortable and aesthetically pleasing, often catered specifically to the needs of users. Interior Design is the imaginative blend of art and science in the design of environments or people that involve the adaptation of natural and human-made environments. In general Interior design engages both in public and private buildings or spaces. Historically, interior design was reserved primarily for roy alty and the aristocracy. Now, in the modern world, Interior Design is known as a line of work that give a total creative solution for interior spaces through conceptual planning, aesthetic value and technical solutions related to human needs.But through researcher experience and observation many interior practices in Malaysia, are enthusiastic in showing their design creativity through style, fashion, furnishing and advance technology which the practicality of the living space related to end users was attend after the whole conceptual phase completed and normally was assign to the technical person such as assistant designer or draughtsman to complete the job. As a result, the interior space that supposes to be as a conducive living space to support users in daily activities becomes a space of appreciation only, because it is good to be used.Therefore a new shift of thinking to bring interior design beyond of the definition as an added value in architecture need to put away. Althoug h the ultimate design goal of interior design is to enhancement the space, renovation